Ethics & Presentations … Ethics & Presentations Devon M. Simmonds Slides compiled from various sources including: LINK1 LINK2 Course text

Outline Research ethics & Plagiarism Making presentations

Research Ethics Plagiarism Authorship Confidentiality and conflict of interest Ethics checklist SOURCE: LINK

What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others as your own. SOURCE: LINK

Two types of plagiarism: Intentional Copying a friend’s work Buying or borrowing papers Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting Media “borrowing”without documentation Web publishing without permissions of creators Unintentional Careless paraphrasing Poor documentation Quoting excessively Failure to use your own “voice” SOURCE: LINK

Real life consequences: Damaged the reputation of two prominent historians, Stephen Ambrose and Doris Kearns Goodwin, Kearns left television position and stepped down as Pulitzer Prize judge for “lifting” 50 passages for her 1987 book The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys (Lewis) Senator Joseph Biden dropped his 1987 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. (Sabato) Copied in law school and borrowed from campaign speeches of Robert Kennedy Boston Globe journalist Mike Barnicle forced to resign for plagiarism in his columns (“Boston Columnist . . .”) Probe of plagiarism at UVA--45 students dismissed, 3 graduate degrees revoked CNN Article AP. 26 Nov. 2001 Channel One Article AP. 27 Nov. 2002 SOURCE: LINK

Real life consequences: New York Times senior reporter Jayson Blair forced to resign after being accused of plagiarism and fraud. “The newspaper said at least 36 of the 73 articles he had written had problems with accuracy, calling the deception a "low point" in the newspaper's history.” “New York Times Exposes Fraud of Own Reporter.” ABC News Online. 12 May, 2003. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html SOURCE: LINK

Authorship Whose name should be listed on a paper Each author must have made some contribution Ordering?

Confidentiality and Conflict of Interest in Research

Making Presentations

Tips to be Covered Outlines Slide Structure Fonts Colour Background Graphs Spelling and Grammar Conclusions Questions

Outline Make your 1st or 2nd slide an outline of your presentation Ex: previous slide Follow the order of your outline for the rest of the presentation Only place main points on the outline slide Ex: Use the titles of each slide as main points

Slide Structure – Good Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation Write in point form, not complete sentences Include 4-5 points per slide Avoid wordiness: use key words and phrases only

Slide Structure - Bad This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you.

Slide Structure – Good Show one point at a time: Will help audience concentrate on what you are saying Will prevent audience from reading ahead Will help you keep your presentation focused

Slide Structure - Bad Do not use distracting animation Do not go overboard with the animation Be consistent with the animation that you use

Fonts - Good Use at least an 18-point font Use different size fonts for main points and secondary points this font is 28-point, the main point font is 32-point, and the title font is 44-point Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial

Fonts - Bad CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ Don’t use a complicated font

Colour - Good Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with the background Ex: blue font on white background Use colour to reinforce the logic of your structure Ex: light blue title and dark blue text Use colour to emphasize a point But only use this occasionally

Colour - Bad Using a font colour that does not contrast with the background colour is hard to read Using colour for decoration is distracting and annoying. Using a different colour for each point is unnecessary Using a different colour for secondary points is also unnecessary Trying to be creative can also be bad

Background - Good Use backgrounds such as this one that are attractive but simple Use backgrounds which are light Use the same background consistently throughout your presentation

Background – Bad Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read from Always be consistent with the background that you use

Graphs - Good Use graphs rather than just charts and words Data in graphs is easier to comprehend & retain than is raw data Trends are easier to visualize in graph form Always title your graphs

Graphs - Bad

Graphs - Good

Graphs - Bad Title is missing Font is too small & Colours are illogical Minor gridlines are unnecessary & Shading is distracting

Spelling and Grammar Proof your slides for: speling mistakes the use of of repeated words grammatical errors you might have make If English is not your first language, please have someone else check your presentation!

To make a slide stand out, change the font and/or background Attention Grabber To make a slide stand out, change the font and/or background

Conclusion Use an effective and strong closing Your audience is likely to remember your last words Use a conclusion slide to: Summarize the main points of your presentation Suggest future avenues of research

Questions?? End your presentation with a simple question slide to: Invite your audience to ask questions Provide a visual aid during question period Avoid ending a presentation abruptly

Summary Making effective presentations Slide Structure Fonts, colour, background, etc. Spelling and Grammar Closing

QU ES TI ONS This is your time to ask questions. Jacobson – Based on use cases. Maps the different views obtained from use cases to AspectJ Tkatchenko – Join point model for UML. Kande et al. – Abstract aspectj to UML. Bottom-up approach. SOP – uses subjects (a collection of classes or class fragments). Aspect can be just a single subject or a group of subjects. Merged using composition rules correspondence, combination, or both. Hyperspaces – SOP based. Hyperslice is similar to subject. Tool called hyperJ that supports hyperspaces in java. Hybrid – Theme approach. Our approach.