Sponge: Tuesday, March 20 What is the writ of habeas corpus and why did Lincoln suspend it at the beginning of the Civil War? What does that have to do with civil rights?

Work Period: March 20 Read pages 123-125 in the blue EOCT book and take notes on that section. Write out all of the terms in bold with a definition Answer the questions on pages 126-131 Write the questions and the correct answers In the TEXTBOOK, read the following pages: 408-415; 420-421; 427-429 Answer the questions in the inside margins on each page Answer questions 2-4 on page 429 and questions 1-8 on page 432

Sponge: Wednesday, March 21

Make-up work needed-2nd Block Alprentice Marcus C. DeVonta Cordilia Toni Courtney Demetrius Dennis Jamil Dwuane Marcus S. Tiffany

Make-up work needed-3rd Block Aleesya Lee’Andre Derek Brandy J. Deyanna Andrianna Need to make-up Civil War test: Jasmine, Kenya (Thursday after school) Tamisha, Branden (Friday after school)

SSUSH11 The student will describe the economic, social, and geographic impact of the growth of big business and technological innovations after Reconstruction. a. Explain the impact of the railroads on other industries, such as steel, and on the organization of big business. b. Describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West; include the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor.

Post Civil War: What does the U. S. look like Post Civil War: What does the U.S. look like? North- Industrialized, prosperous South- Poor, sharecropping very popular West- Dwindling Native American populations, RR opened West for settlement

The Age of Railroads & Westward Expansion The Industrial Age The Age of Railroads & Westward Expansion

Why did America need Railroads? Communication from East to West was not very good Travelling time from East to West took 6 months + It would help fulfill ‘Manifest Destiny’ The U.S. needed to keep up with other countries Trade links with China and Japan Help to bring law and order to the West

U.S. Westward Growth & Expansion U.S. continued to grow & expand after Civil War, and railroads made it possible 1. U.S. government granted huge tracts of land to companies that were willing to build railroads 2. RRs allowed farmers, ranchers and other settlers to access markets and resources in the eastern U.S. 3. RRs made it easier for people to move west which increased settlement rates

Railroads Transcontinental Railroad: 1. In 1862, Congress authorizes the transcontinental railroad project between existing RR companies in order to create a “United Nation” 2. In May, 1869, Union Pacific and Central Pacific joined their tracks in Promontory, Utah 3. Workers- Chinese and Irish immigrants, former slaves and Civil War soldiers; difficult and dangerous life RR Companies sold off extra land to farmers and ranchers

President Ulysses S. Grant: 1869-1877 Allied with the Radical Republicans

RRs and Big Business RRs helped the growth of steel industry and big business Bessemer Process made steel production cheaper and easier, therefore aided in the expansion of RRs and construction of buildings Steel changed America: Brooklyn Bridge, RRs, tin cans (food storage), farm machines, skyscrapers RRs allowed transportation of goods to more areas than were previously accessible by river

RRs and Big Business The rapid rise of the steel and railroad industries spurred the growth of other big businesses, especially in the oil, financial, and manufacturing sectors of the economy. These businesses acquired enormous financial wealth which they often used to dominate and control many aspects of American cultural and political life. As a consequence of these practices, by the beginning of the 20th century big business became the target of government reform movements at the state and national levels.

SSUSH11 The student will describe the economic, social, and geographic impact of the growth of big business and technological innovations after Reconstruction. c. Identify John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company and the rise of trusts and monopolies

Giants of Big Business “Robber Baron” was the name given to business leaders who made a lot of money in RRs (and other industries) and who were corrupt in business

Giants of Business, cont. Cornelius Vanderbilt: Railroad industry; in 1869 extended his NY Central RR to Chicago

Giants of Business, cont. Andrew Carnegie: Steel industry; sold his steel interests to J.P. Morgan for $500MM Poor, Scottish immigrant- came to U.S. in 1848

Carnegie Hall, NYC

Giants of Big Business, cont. John D. Rockefeller: Oil industry giant Standard Oil, Rockefeller’s company, was the nation’s first trust Trust = a business arrangement under which a number of companies unite into one system; trusts destroy competition and create monopolies (a market in which there is only one supplier of a product and no market competition)

John D. Rockefeller, cont. Through his trust, JDR dictated prices, got rid of competition, and controlled the U.S. oil industry; came to own more than 90% of America’s oil industry.

Vertical Integration JDR used vertical integration: bought out his suppliers, controlled and owned every step of his manufacturing process For example, in the oil industry, JDR made the barrels, cans and oil rigs company needed Carnegie said, “Pay no man but myself.” Steel magnate owned mines, barges, RRs, mills. Made money at every level. Ohio Works of Carengie Steel, Ohio 1910

Rockefeller Center

SSUSH11 The student will describe the economic, social, and geographic impact of the growth of big business and technological innovations after Reconstruction. d. Describe the inventions of Thomas Edison; include the electric light bulb, motion pictures, and the phonograph, and their impact on American life

Inventions and Technological Advances Inventions and technological advances helped the U.S. progress as an industrialized nation during late 19th and early 20th centuries

Thomas Edison Edison’s inventions: Phonograph (1877): recorded sound Motion picture camera Electric light bulb (1880): transformed lives and business People could work and do more after dark in factories, offices and at home Central power companies (Edison came up with the idea for these kinds of companies) Edison’s inventions eliminated much manual labor that had been associated with everyday household activities and improved Americans’ quality of life.

President Rutherford B. Hayes: 1877-1881 Republican Compromise of 1877 Took troops out of the South ending Reconstruction

Other Inventions Westinghouse- made electricity safe and cheap Sholes- typewriter (1867) Bell- telephone (1876)

More Changes! Electricity made possible lights, power, refrigerated RR cars. Business advances: telephone, typewriter, cash register, adding machines. Mass popular culture: cameras, phonographs, bicycles, motion pictures (silent), amusement parks, professional sports.

Work Period: Wednesday, March 21 Read pages 123-125 in the blue EOCT book and take notes on that section. Write out all of the terms in bold with a definition Answer the questions on pages 126-131 Write the questions and the correct answers In the TEXTBOOK, read the following pages: 408-415; 420-421; 427-429 Answer the questions in the inside margins on each page Answer questions 2-4 on page 429 and questions 1-8 on page 432 Create a flow map on the causes and effects of the development of railroads

Work Period: Monday, Oct. 31 Read and highlight section 6.2 of EOCT chapter and answer questions on page 126. Due by the end of class. Five vocabulary words. Due by the end of class. EOCT practice tests with small group.