Marine Ecosystems

Key terms needed to study ________ Study of how organisms relate to each other and the environment Utilizes all areas of science Takes into account Biotic and Abiotic factors

________ More terms Living factors Types and quantity of organisms Non living factors Wind Temperature Sunlight Minerals water

________ Can interact with other Ecosystems Terms continued ________ Distinct region with physical boundaries that has its own set of abiotic factors and groups of organisms Tundra Oceans Desert Can interact with other Ecosystems

Community Variety of different organisms living together in an Ecosystem Plants Animals Microbes Population A group consisting of one species that interacts and lives in the same ecosystem Pack of wolves School of fish

________ Area and conditions that an organism can be found Microhabitat are small scaled areas where organisms dwell Between rocks The role an organism plays in the habitat Bacteria and fungus as decomposers

Energy Flow

______________________________________ Biogeochemical cycles limit resources available Carbon cycle Diversity of primary producers affects the higher levels

Marine Ecosystems

Contains all photosynthetic life in the sea Contains many ecosytems Euphotice Zone Makes up ________% of the ocean but contains the majority of life found in the ocean Contains all photosynthetic life in the sea Contains many ecosytems Nuestons are the primary producers

Marine zones Intertidal- the land between high and low tides. Typical animals are sea urchins Neritic zone is most the productive Does not exceed 200 meters Keeps nutrients shallow Holds more warmth Zooplankton- animal like plankton. Phytoplankton- plantlike plankton, algae and protists

Marine zones ________- extends from the neritic zone down to the bottom of the continental shelf, 200- 2000 meters ________- below the 2000 meter depth. There is no light, so organisms must create their own.

Other Marine Habitats ________ Most taxonomically diverse located in warm waters and provide homes for a very diverse plant and animal life. Most taxonomically diverse Further out, the less diverse

Other Marine Habitats ___________-exist in cold waters and can extend 100 feet from ocean floor to surface. Typically in cool waters, near upwelling Includes red, green, and brown algea Exceeds primary productivity of terrestrial plants

Beaches ________ is due to weathering and erosion Helps protect the coastline Dissipates energy waves Contains a ________of all known animal phyla within the grains of sand

tides Communities can survive being above water and below water for an extended period of time Bodies of organisms need to be strong enough to with stand pounding from waves

________ Area where a river flows and merges with the ocean. Contains high levels of nutrients and provides home to many different species. Primary producers are algea and halophytes (salt plants) Wide salinity range limits diversity Salt marshes can be found in estuaries Organisms can withstand extreme conditions

________________ Consist of more than ______ species of mangrove trees Found in tropical climates Provide protective habitats for many organisms

Sea grass Vascular, flowering plants that live completely submerged They have an actual root system Grow in colonies

Ponds and Lakes Zones Littoral- well lit, warm and shallow Limnetic- open water Benthic- bottom floor Ponds and Lakes

________________ Found in lowland areas or along rivers, lakes, and streams Some wetlands are temporary and seasonal. Other wetlands are always under water.  Help prevent flooding Act as a water purification system  

Other systems that you are responsible for reading in text Polar regions Artic and antarctic are 2 distinctly different systems Abyssal and Hadal Zones Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps