AP US History Week 7

Week 7 Objectives Read Chapter 6, The Revolution Within. Chapter 7 up to page 202 Complete 2.03 Writing Assignment

The Revolution Within Struggle for Equality Abigail Adams “Remember the Ladies” letter Also wrote about the evils of slavery John Adam’s response was that there was chaos after the Revolutionary War and the “natural” order of things had to be preserved

Revolution Within “All Men Are Created Equal” ? American freedom would forever be linked with the idea of equality Equality before law Equality in political rights Economic opportunities Equality of condition Groups denied full rights- slaves, indentured servants, women, Indians, apprentices, propertyless meno

Democracy Aristotle- a system in which the entire people governed directly Britain- mixed government (branches of government) America- greater equality inspired buy the struggle for independence

Ideas and experiments Every state adopted a new constitution All agreed in a republic-their authority rested on the consent of the governed. NO KING PA- voted to have one house of government elected each year by men over 21 who paid taxes Included freedom of speech and writing, religious liberty Jon Adams “Thoughts on Government” included 2 houses, though one for the rich, one for the poor

Voting Voting restricted to men who either owned property (rich) or paid taxes (excluded the very poor) Men without Property had no “judgement of their own” Some women who owned land (usually widowed) did vote in New Jersey until 1807

Religious Toleration Leaders of the Revolution wanted to shield itself from the violent conflicts brought on by religion Jefferson, Adams, Madison, and Hamilton were skeptical of religion. Believed in a creator but not someone who intervened in human affairs. “Wall of Separation” States began to disestablish their churches Catholics could practice without fear for the first time In some states Jews were not allowed to vote or hold office

O Became a model for the revolutionary generations of “rights” as private matters that must be protected from government interference Did not stifle religion but enhanced it. Today 1300 different religions are practiced in the US

Defining Economic Freedom Debate over free trade- economic development arose from economic self-interest Adam Smith- The Wealth of Nations included the belief that the “invisible hand” of free market directed economic life more freely than government interference.

Slavery and the Revolution The elephant in the room 1776- slaves were 1/5 of the population Every founding father owned slaves except Adams and Paine. Argued, slavery for blacks made freedom possible for whites. Religious groups such as Quakers were usually against slavery During the war, slaves ran away from their masters, joined the British army 1777-1804, every state in the North sans Maryland took steps to end slavery. Took awhile to completely eradicate. 3500 slaves in 1830

Women and the Revolution Women disguised themselves as men during the war Couverture- husband still had legal authority over their wife’s person, property, and choices in her life. Marriage contract superseded the social contract. Republican motherhood- educating their children as citizens

Legacy French Revolution- 1789 Haiti- slave uprisings during the 1790s Latin American countries in the 19th century Colonial peoples in the 20th century

Articles of Confederation 13 states retained sovereignty National government consisted of one house Congress, each state had one vote No President Major decisions required 9 states to approve Federal government could only declare war, conduct foreign affairs, make treaties Federal government could not levy taxes To change the Articles, all states needed to agree Established rules for settlement out West. Ordinance of 1784- region divided into districts controlled by Congress. Eventually granted statehood

2.03 The First Governments Introduces the Long Essay part of your exam Graders will be looking for 4 things: Thesis/Claim (0-1) Contextualization (0-1) Evidence (0-2) Analysis (0-2)

Remember… Each essay will be 1 of 4 thinking skills Historical Causation Patterns of Continuity and Change Over Time Periodization Compare and Contrast

Thesis/Claim Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning Writing in AP US History

Contextualization Provide historical background 99% of the time this will be in your first paragraph Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt Think of this as the opening movie crawl from Star Wars

Evidence Supports an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence

Analysis and Reasoning Demonstrates complex understand of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt. Using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the question

2.03 First Government Pick one of the following questions: Question 1. Some historians have argued that the Articles of Confederation created an ineffective government. Support, modify, or refute this interpretation, providing specific evidence to justify your answer. Question 2. Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation successfully governed the new nation. Periodization (Take a Position)

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