Radar backscattering measurements of paddy rice field using L, C and X-band polarimetric scatterometer ISRS 2007

Contents 1 Background 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion

Background Microwave radar can penetrate cloud cover regardless of weather condition Ground-based polarimetric scatterometer has advantage of monitoring crop conditions with full polarization and various frequencies Plant parameters such as LAI, biomass, plant height are highly correlated with backscattering coefficients ENVISAT SAR data (5.3 GHz, hh-, hv-polarizations, and incidence angles between 28.5° and 40.9°) to monitor rice growth and compared the data with simulation results (Le Toan et al, 1997) RADARSAT data (5.3 GHz, hh-polarization, and incidence angles between 36° and 46°) was analyzed for monitoring the rice growth in Korea (Hong et al,2000)

Objective To measure backscattering coefficients of paddy rice using L, C, X-bands scatterometer system during the growth period Relationship between backscattering coefficients and rice growth variables with full polarization and various angles

- An experimental field at NIAST, Suwon, korea. Study site - An experimental field at NIAST, Suwon, korea. Testing varieties : Chuchoungbyeo The size field : 660m2

Consist of polarimetric scatterometer system Vector Network Analyzer - Agilent 8720D, 20MHz ~ 20GHz Calibration Kit Network Analyzer Calibration kit

Dual polarimetric horn Materials and Methods Specification of the scatterometer system Specification L-Band C-Band X-Band Center frequency 1.27GHz 5.3GHz 9.65GHz Bandwidth 0.12GHz 0.6GHz 1GHz Number of frequency points 201 801 1601 Antenna type Dual polarimetric horn Antenna gain 12.4dB 20.1dB 22.4dB Polarization HH, VV, HV, VH Incident angle 20°~60° Platform height 4.16m

Backscattering coefficients (by applying radar equation) Consist of polarimetric scatterometer system Dual Polarimetric Horn Antenna L-band C-band X-band Backscattering coefficients (by applying radar equation)

Polarimetric scatterometer system

Results angle for the L-band Incident angle: 25 Incident angle: 30 Temporal variations of backscattering coefficients at polarization and incident angle for the L-band Incident angle: 25 Incident angle: 30 Heading Heading Incident angle: 35 Incident angle: 40 Heading Heading

Results angle for the L-band Incident angle: 45 Incident angle: 50 Temporal variations of backscattering coefficients at polarization and incident angle for the L-band Incident angle: 45 Incident angle: 50 Heading Heading Incident angle: 55 Incident angle: 60 Heading Heading

Results angle for the C-band Incident angle: 25 Incident angle: 30 Temporal variations of backscattering coefficients at polarization and incident angle for the C-band Incident angle: 25 Incident angle: 30 Heading Heading Incident angle: 35 Incident angle: 40 Heading Heading

Results angle for the C-band Incident angle: 45 Incident angle: 50 Temporal variations of backscattering coefficients at polarization and incident angle for the C-band Incident angle: 45 Incident angle: 50 Heading Heading Incident angle: 55 Incident angle: 60 Heading Heading

Results angle for the X-band Incident angle: 25 Incident angle: 30 Temporal variations of backscattering coefficients at polarization and incident angle for the X-band Incident angle: 25 Incident angle: 30 Heading Heading Incident angle: 35 Incident angle: 40 Heading Heading

Results angle for the X-band Incident angle: 45 Incident angle: 50 Temporal variations of backscattering coefficients at polarization and incident angle for the X-band Incident angle: 45 Incident angle: 50 Heading Heading Incident angle: 55 Incident angle: 60 Heading Heading

Results Correlation between L-band backscattering coefficients and rice growth parameters during growth season VV HH HV Incident angle Plant height LAI Tfw (g/m2) Tdw 20 -0.93 -0.81 -0.90 -0.87 -0.56 -0.20 -0.37 -0.32 0.21 0.38 0.29 0.32 25 -0.53 0.24 0.44 0.76 0.85 0.81 30 -0.01 0.28 0.15 0.18 -0.39 -0.38 -0.42 -0.40 0.91 0.77 0.82 35 -0.49 -0.63 -0.58 -0.62 0.40 0.25 0.31 0.89 0.71 0.80 0.78 40 0.58 0.70 0.68 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.86 45 0.92 0.87 0.94 0.90 50 0.63 0.75 0.97 0.98 55 0.62 0.93 0.95 0.88 60 0.79

Results Correlation between C-band backscattering coefficients and rice growth parameters during growth season VV HH HV Incident angle Plant height LAI Tfw (g/m2) Tdw 20 -0.94 -0.74 -0.84 -0.83 -0.67 -0.76 -0.75 0.81 0.67 0.74 0.71 25 0.72 0.75 0.48 0.46 0.96 0.92 0.95 30 0.82 0.78 0.86 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.94 35 0.70 0.68 0.93 0.90 0.89 0.91 40 0.38 0.55 0.50 0.87 45 0.64 0.56 0.58 0.88 50 0.76 0.73 55 60 0.44 0.43

Results Correlation between X-band backscattering coefficients and rice growth parameters during growth season VV HH HV Incident angle Plant height LAI Tfw (g/m2) Tdw 20 0.26 0.41 0.32 0.68 0.63 0.64 0.80 0.83 0.82 25 0.62 0.70 0.67 0.72 0.66 0.73 0.74 30 0.46 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.84 0.65 0.75 0.69 35 0.50 0.61 0.81 0.86 0.85 0.71 0.79 40 0.43 0.55 0.56 45 0.33 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.76 50 0.23 0.29 0.28 0.24 0.77 55 -0.10 -0.20 -0.13 -0.18 60 -0.25 -0.44 -0.36 -0.41 0.78

Results Correlation between L-, C-, X-band backscattering coefficients and rice growth parameters (grain dry weight) during growth season L-band C-band X-band Incident angle VV HH HV 20 -0.96 -0.85 -0.64 -0.50 -0.19 0.26 -0.54 -0.05 0.10 25 -0.97 -0.74 0.06 -0.39 -0.70 -0.33 0.35 0.56 30 -0.78 0.53 -0.55 -0.38 0.51 0.31 -0.45 35 0.43 0.72 -0.81 -0.32 0.27 0.60 -0.30 -0.40 40 0.61 0.40 0.66 -0.22 -0.86 0.64 -0.36 45 0.75 0.23 0.63 -0.83 -0.13 0.78 0.39 0.45 50 0.71 -0.67 0.29 -0.16 -0.52 0.93 0.55 0.81 55 0.58 -0.29 0.07 0.17 -0.77 0.89 0.70 0.87 60 0.30 0.18 -0.10 0.67 0.88 0.74

Conclusions The temporal variations of the backscattering coefficients of the rice crop at L-, C-, X- band during rice growth period VV-polarized backscattering coefficients higher than hh-polarized backscattering coefficients in early rice growth stage HH-polarized backscattering coefficients higher than vv-polarized backscattering coefficients after panicle initiation stage Biomass was correlated with L-band HH-polarization at large incident angle LAI was highly correlated with the C-band HH- and cross-polarizations X-band were poorly correlated with LAI and biomass Grain weight was correlated with backscattering coefficient with X-band (at large angle, vv-polarization)

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