PALEOCLIMATES Ancient climates 11/22/2018.

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Presentation transcript:

PALEOCLIMATES Ancient climates 11/22/2018

11/22/2018

11/22/2018

Earth’s climate history Has always been changing

Earth’s climate has always been changing 11/22/2018

How do we study past climates??? 11/22/2018

Fossils Certain critters only live in WARM climates Trilobites Corals (Petoskey stones) dinosaurs 11/22/2018

Glacial evidence Indicates COLD climate Grooves Erratics Misplaced boulders 11/22/2018

Ice cores Ancient air bubbles are trapped in the ice Can analyze ancient air! 11/22/2018

18O/ 16O 18O is heavier- harder to evaporate More 18O when climate is hotter Seen in ice cores 11/22/2018

11/22/2018

Tree rings Wider rings represent warm wet climate 11/22/2018

Coral reefs Corals add layers every year Like tree rings Bigger layer= warmer 11/22/2018

NATURAL CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

VOLCANOES Lava type= Emit CO2; warms- long term (need a lot!) Ash type= emit SO2- blocks heat- cools- short term

Impact events (space rocks) 1) Stirs up dust= colder

Milankovitch cycles Earth tilt changes Less tilt= less seasons Cooler in mid latitudes Ice age! OR Earth’s orbit becomes More oval= colder

Variation in Solar output Sunspots Cause solar storms Make earth hotter

Land vs. sea ice Melting of sea ice (icebergs) will NOT effect sea level Melting of land ice will effect sea level Antarctica/ Greenland Could also cause global cooling (Day After Tomorrow)

Global warming can cause global cooling?

Rising sea level by 2080 (projected)

Current state of glaciers

Glacier national Park, Montana 1938 vs. 2005

Alaska 1917 vs. 2005

Greenland notice 2002-3

Carbon footprint Your impact on GHGs. Extra credit!!