Transcription Factors

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Presentation transcript:

Transcription Factors Extra Levels of Control

What? Transcription factors (TF) diffusible proteins act at numerous sites on many chromosomes Influence transcription by interacting with other proteins or segments of DNA “Upstream” = being 5’ to the start site Negative numbers of bases “Downstream” = being 3’ to the start site Positive numbers of bases

Why? Finer control over transcription Recruits RNA Polymerase II Selective expression of specific genes Protection of promoter sequences Protection from denaturation & proteolysis TATA box, upstream promoter element (UPE), Pribnow box, CpG islands, CAAT box, -10 to -35 Adoption of specific 3D conformation of DNA

Upstream Promoter Element (UPE)

Transcription Inhibition

Where? Promoter & enhancer sequences on DNA On transcriptional elements (TE) or enhansons In the “open complex” of DNA In the origin region of DNA In the helix-loop-helix motif In leucine zippers In zinc fingers

TATA box binding

Zinc fingers

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