Fluid and Electrolyte Balance KNH 413

Body Solutes Types of solutes Electrolytes Other molecules Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulphate Ions dissociate to form charged particles Other molecules Glucose, protein, urea, lactate, organic acids Remain stable

Body Solutes Distribution of solutes Sum of cations must be equal to sum of anions within a given compartment Movement of solutes influenced by: Molecular size Electrical charge of the molecule Hydrostatic pressure Method of solute transport

Regulation of Fluid and Electrolytes Osmotic and hydrostatic pressure Thirst Renal Hormonal influence - RAAS Electrolyte regulation

Regulation of Fluid and Electrolytes Thirst Renal function Renin-Angiotension-Aldosterone System

Disorders of Fluid Balance Alterations in volume Hypovolemia Hypervolemia Alterations in osmolality Sodium imbalances Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Potassium imbalances Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia

Disorders of Fluid Balance Calcium imbalance Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Phosphorus imbalance Hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia Magnesium imbalance Hypomagnesemia Hypermagnesemia

Disorders of Fluid Balance What are the… Causes ? Clinical manifestations ? Laboratory findings ? Treatment ? Identify underlying cause

© 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Assess for factors that affect fluid and electrolyte balance: Disease or injury Medication or treatment Fluid loss Nutrient restriction Oral intake Intake vs. output