When to Consider Retiring an Athlete After Sports-Related Concussion

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When to Consider Retiring an Athlete After Sports-Related Concussion Cara L. Sedney, MD, John Orphanos, MD, Julian E. Bailes, MD Clinics in Sports Medicine Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 189-200 (January 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.005 Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Torn axons within the brainstem and corticospinal tract of the rat, shown via immunohistochemical staining of β-amyloid precursor protein after traumatic brain injury. Clinics in Sports Medicine 2011 30, 189-200DOI: (10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.005) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Consecutive photographs of a high school football player before and after concussive injury sustained in sport. (From Schieder R. Head and neck injuries in football. 1st edition. Baltimore [MD]: Williams and Wilkins; 1973; with permission.) Clinics in Sports Medicine 2011 30, 189-200DOI: (10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.005) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (A) Tau antibody stain from the cerebral cortex of a professional football player showing typical changes of CTE: NFTs (large, globular intracellular inclusions) and NTs (whispy). (B) Normal control. Clinics in Sports Medicine 2011 30, 189-200DOI: (10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.005) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 MRI of a 24-year-old professional football player with career-ending postconcussion syndrome and a high-intensity lesion of the centrum semiovale. Clinics in Sports Medicine 2011 30, 189-200DOI: (10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.005) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Chiari malformation in a high school athlete who retired due to persistent postconcussion syndrome; a relative contraindication to continued contact sports participation. Clinics in Sports Medicine 2011 30, 189-200DOI: (10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.005) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions