Modernisation Theory Outcome – to understand the stages of economic development according to Modernisation Theory VIDEOS & NOTES

Development or Underdevelopment?

Development or Underdevelopment?

Development or Underdevelopment?

Development or Underdevelopment?

Development or Underdevelopment?

Development or Underdevelopment?

Traditional Society: A recap (PARSONS) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vZpf9HD_ms So according to ROSTOW – how do we get from traditional society to this:

Modernisation theory Modernisation theory has been described as an evolutionary process that brings about revolutionary change In spite of criticism (especially from Marxists) and a poor record so far of success, it remains the most influential sociological theory in global affairs as much of western foreign aid policy, particularly that of America is driven by the ideas of Modernisation theory

Background Modernisation theory arose in the early 1960s assuming that development means capitalist development and offered third world nations a route out of poverty WW Rostow was best associated with modernisation theory and the theory heavily relates to the Cold War period when the USA offered reasons to newly independent countries as to why they should ally themselves with the West and not with the Soviet Union

Two key aims 1. It attempts to explain why poorer countries have failed to develop by focusing on the process of development i.e. how traditional societies could evolve into modern developed societies 2. A non-communist solution to poverty in the developing world by proposing that economic change (in the form of capitalism) and cultural change could play a critical role in bringing about modernisation

Recap: Modernisation Theory Questions What are the main aims of Modernisation Theory? Who developed the theory? Do you know any of the 5 stages of development?

Screencast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9s4MhPATZ0 How useful is this form of learning? Something to use in lesson or for you to do at home?

From traditional to modern For modernisation theorists, the process of development meant ‘total change’ – poorer countries had to move from being traditional to modern, changes included: 1. Technology 2. Agriculture 3. Industry 4. Geographical (urbanisation) 5. Political 6. Social and cultural

Cut & Stick: Rostow’s five stages of development

Rostow subtitled his most popular work ‘a non-communist manifesto’ and described communism as ‘a kind of disease which can befall a transitional society if it fails to organise effectively those elements within it which are prepared to get on with the job of modernisation’. Rostow believed that societies needed to pass through these stages to achieve development, which in his eyes was to modernise, seeing the USA as providing assistance to poorer countries.

Obstacles to development Traditional values and attitudes Lack of necessary modern values and attitudes, e.g. people unwilling to work for long than necessary or to move to where there were jobs High birth rates and population growth – traditional values promote lots of children Shortage of entrepreneurial skills Lack of institutions such as banks Lack of technology

Neo-Modernisation Theory p.188 HOMEWORK

Recall - Put the stages in the correct order DRIVE TO MATURITY TAKE OFF TRADITIONAL SOCIETY HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION TRANSITIONAL STAGE

READING ACTIVITY & EVALUATION NOTES

Modernisation & Social Engineering Traditional Values / Superstition Ascribed Status Collectivism Education Media Urbanisation Future Time Orientation Achieved Status Industrialisation Largely agricultural Basic Technologies Little Trade / Sustenance Farming / Informal Economy Aid Human Expertise TNCs Industrial Production Specialised Tecnhology Trade / Wage Labour

Modernisation, education, and social engineering. (Pages 66-67) Skim reading exercise, look at the word in red, then speed read the section to locate the answer. Record these in your assessment books and we’ll peer assess the work. PREVIOUS TEXTBOOK COPY

ROSTOW – Trickle Down Effect What should traditional societies encourage the West to help invest in? Who should they borrow this money from? Who will this money trickle-down to?

HOSELITZ & LERNER – Meritocratic Education What Western values will spread with the introduction of meritocratic education? Where should the children of the elite be educated? What aspects of education theory can be linked here regarding the spread of Western values?

INKELES – Importance of Mass Media What ideas is the mass media helping to spread in bringing about a modern society?

HOSELITZ - Urbanisation How is it more difficult to spread ideas in a thinly dispersed rural population? How will the class system change as a result of modernisation?

Is British Society in the Age of HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION? Discuss your findings, applying your examples to the description of the stage.

Strengths & Critiques of Modernisation Theory p.189-190 L.O. – to evaluate the claims made by modernisation theorists

KEYWORDS TEST What word means the notion that members of the family / tribal unit put the interests of the group before self-interest?

COLLECTIVISM

KEYWORDS TEST What words mean the global dominance of American culture?

KEYWORDS TEST CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

KEYWORDS TEST What words describes someone who is willing to take risks in investing money in business and to compete with others for markets?

KEYWORDS TEST Entreprenurial

KEYWORDS TEST What word describes the belief that there is a need to take an active role to change a situation?

KEYWORDS TEST INTERVENTIONIST

KEYWORDS TEST What is the name of the view that wealth will ‘drip’ down to benefit the less well-off?

KEYWORDS TEST TRICKLE-DOWN

KEYWORDS TEST Describe the difference between ascription and universalism in relation to employment.

KEYWORDS TEST ASCRIPTION – Roles given on the basis of inheritance or fixed characteristics such as gender or race. UNIVERSALISMS – Roles given on the basis of universal norms such as achievement measured by examinations and qualifications.

EVALUATION (AO3!!!!)  Ethnocentric (Other cultures values are inferior, poverty still exists in the West, political dogma / attack on the world) Kleptocracy Ecological Limits Social Damage (Indigenous) Prescriptive (one size doesn’t fit all) Western domination (competition) Develop these ideas in your notes. Make notes from the Textbook  Success Stories: Asian Tigers have moved to becoming Modern, and developed societies. Identifies cultural barriers to development. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BT6dyzoOs-Q – Success Story of Asian Tigers

HOMEWORK Outline & Explain 2 criticisms of Modernisation Theory. (10 marks)

EXAM PRACTICE 10 Marker & 20 Marker

Reflection on Previous Study Millenium Development vs Sustainable Development Goals http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/sep/25/sustainable-development-summit-2015-quiz-global-goals?CMP=share_btn_tw

Connect

Dissolution of language – certain languages die out or other languages are imported, e.g. in Singapore, English is now the main language. Family structures – Large extended & inbred family units replaced by nuclear and single person family units. Or something about values, e.g. moving away from FGM. Religious changes – a move away from tribal spiritualism towards global religions e.g. Christianity, or a move from religious belief to secular scientific rationalism Population – moving to towns and cities away from areas where families have lived for hundreds of years

Modernisation theory today 1. Communism proved not to be a way to achieve development: China’s economic growth under a Communist government has been achieved through capitalism. Western standards of economic growth and of consumption remain the aspiration of many in developing countries 2. The rich countries continue to use development aid to try to help poorer countries develop 3. Rostow saw India and China as being at the stage of take off in the late 1950s – his estimate of 60 years to maturity seems to have rung true given recent growth rates in those countries. Homework – other examples?

Modernisation theory today Using the data from p.69-70, create a model answer for this exam question. Identify and explain the influence of Modernisation theory in contemporary society. (9 mark) Remember: 3 points (1 identify, 2 explain) Half a side to three quarters. Be concise!!!

Peer Assessment

Modernisation Essay Evaluate the contribution of modernisation theorists to our understanding of global development (20 marks)   Intro P1 - Briefly explain the meaning of development and the origins of modernisation theory Main Section P2,3,4 Discuss modernisation theorists, such as Rostow, Hoselitz, Lerner, Inkles Make general criticisms / evaluations throughout and link in to criticisms of modernisation theory, such as Cross, Baker, Austin P5 Discuss the influence of modernisation theory: alternative theories of development, intervention, neo-liberal theories P6 Discuss the fact that the theory has evolved to Neo-modernisation theory by Huntington Conclusion P7Make a general statement about the contribution of modernisation theory to our understanding. P8 Briefly discuss that there are alternative ways to understanding global development, such as dependency, neo-colonialism, and neo-liberalism USE PEEEL ! Structure of the marks 8 marks are given for Knowledge and Understanding (A01) 6 marks for Interpretation and Application (A02) 6 marks for Analysis and Evaluation (A03) Length = 3 sides of A4 maximum – handwritten.

DIRT TARGETS