Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) contributes to Dectin-1–induced TNF-α production and complexes with caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 9 (CARD9),

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Presentation transcript:

Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) contributes to Dectin-1–induced TNF-α production and complexes with caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 9 (CARD9), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and Dectin-1 Luis A. Pedroza, PhD, Vipul Kumar, MS, Keri B. Sanborn, PhD, Emily M. Mace, PhD, Harri Niinikoski, MD, PhD, Kari Nadeau, MD, PhD, Dewton de Moraes Vasconcelos, MD, PhD, Elena Perez, MD, PhD, Soma Jyonouchi, MD, Harumi Jyonouchi, MD, Pinaki P. Banerjee, PhD, Olli Ruuskanen, MD, PhD, Antonio Condino-Neto, MD, PhD, Jordan S. Orange, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 129, Issue 2, Pages 464-472.e3 (February 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027 Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 TNF-α release by PBMCs from patients with APECED syndrome after specific ligation of Dectin-1. PBMCs from patients with APECED syndrome or control donors were stimulated with either the nonspecific agonist PMA/ionomycin (PMA/I) or the Dectin-1–specific agonist curdlan. TNF-α in supernatant was assessed by using ELISA. P values compare TNF-α release from patients and control subjects within either treatment. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 TNF-α release in differentiated AIRE-deficient THP-1 cells. A, Intracellular FACS for AIRE comparing THP-1 cells containing control (blue) or AIRE (orange) shRNA. B, Western blot analysis of AIRE in control or AIRE shRNA–containing cells with or without curdlan stimulation. Uns., Unstimulated. C, Mean TNF-α release in response to 24 hours of incubation with media alone (Unstimulated), curdlan, or R848 from 4 independent experiments with differentiated THP-1 cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Presence of AIRE in a curdlan-induced Dectin-1–containing complex. Curdlan-stimulated THP-1 cell lysates immunoprecipitated for AIRE (A and D), Dectin-1 (B), or CARD9 (C) antibodies. Western blotting for Syk (Fig 3, A and D), AIRE (Fig 3, B and C, top), or phosphorylated Syk (Y525/526) (Fig 3, D). Each blot was stripped and reprobed with the immunoprecipitating antibody (bottom) to ensure equal immunoprecipitated protein (Fig 3, A and D, used different AIRE antibodies for IP). Control for nonspecific precipitation is shown with species-appropriate isotype control. Each blot is representative of 3 or more independent experiments. Uns., Unstimulated. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 AIRE localizes to the cell membrane after Dectin-1 ligation. A, Resting or curdlan-stimulated THP-1 cells stained for membrane (WGA, green), AIRE (red), and nucleus (DAPI, blue). Images for transmitted light (left) and individual or overlayed fluorescent images (right) are shown. B-D, Quantitation of AIRE signal in the nucleus (Fig 4, B), cytoplasm (Fig 4, C), or cell membrane (Fig 4, D). Each dot represents a single cell. Unstim, Unstimulated. Data are cumulative from 3 independent experiments. Scale bar = 5 μm. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 AIRE colocalizes with Dectin-1 in THP-1 cells after Dectin-1 ligation. A, Resting or curdlan-stimulated THP-1 cells stained for anti-myc (green), AIRE (red), and nucleus (DAPI). D-1, Dectin-1. B, Cropped enlargements of Dectin-1–myc/AIRE colocalization in Fig 5, A. C, Radial intensity plots for each signal. The red arrow highlights a second nonnuclear peak of AIRE intensity. D, Quantitation of AIRE/Dectin-1–myc colocalization (each dot represents a single cell). Unstim, Unstimulated. Data are cumulative from 3 independent experiments. Scale bar = 5 μm. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Summary diagram. The model depicts a potential function for AIRE in the cytoplasm by its participation in a newly defined complex containing Dectin-1, Syk, and CARD9 at the cell membrane within minutes of Dectin-1 ligation by curdlan in THP-1 cells. This pathway might act in parallel with the Raf-1 pathway to facilitate downstream signaling, transcriptional upregulation, and release of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 TNF-α production by PBMCs from patients with APECED syndrome after pretreatment with the Raf-1 inhibitor GW5074. A, PBMCs from patients with APECED syndrome or control donors were pretreated for 1 hour with 40 μg/mL of the Raf-1 inhibitor GW5074 before incubation with either PMA/ionomycin (PMA/I), curdlan, or media (Unstimulated) for 24 hours. TNF-α levels in the supernatant were assessed by means of ELISA. B, The same values depicted in Fig E1, A, and Fig 1, A, are expressed as a ratio between the TNF-α released by patients over that seen in control subjects for each treatment condition. P values compare the means of each treatment ratio ± GW5074. C, Because of observed off-target effects of GW5074 in experiments on patients’ cells, a separate titration was performed with an independent pattern-recognition receptor ligand to ensure specificity. PBMCs from control donors were pretreated for 1 hour with different concentrations of GW5074 and then stimulated with either PMA/ionomycin, R848 (TLR7/8 ligand), or curdlan for 24 hours. TNF-α levels in the supernatant were assessed by means of ELISA. Titration revealed 10 μmol/L as the optimal concentration for GW5074-mediated Raf-1 inhibition. For all graphs shown here, only significant P values (<.05) are depicted. Uns., Unstimulated. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 Isotype control staining of THP-1 cells. Representative THP-1 cells stained with both DAPI (nucleus, blue) and rabbit IgG (red) as a negative control for nonspecific staining. Overlay reveals a lack of positive staining and suggests a positive signal for AIRE staining in Figs 4 and 5. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 129, 464-472.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.027) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions