Notes Section 2.2: States of Matter Matter and Energy
What are the 4 states of Matter? Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
The 3 States of Matter: Characteristics
How do you change a state of matter?
Melting The process by which a solid becomes a liquid.
Molecular Movement of Melting Particles are vibrating Particles break loose and slide past one another. SOLID LIQUID Heat gives particles ENERGY
Melting Point The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to melt.
Melting Points Nitrogen -345.82 F Oxygen -361.12 F Iron 2795.0 F Carbon 6332.0 F Helium -457.6 F Sodium 207.9 F
Freezing The process by which a liquid becomes a solid.
Molecular Movement of Freezing LIQUID SOLID The heat leaves…and the energy from the particles decreases…creating a solid
Are these items frozen?
Freezing Point The temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid.
Time to Think! What is the relationship between a substance’s melting point and freezing point? They are the same temperature!
Evaporation The process by which a liquid becomes a gas.
Molecular Movement of Evaporation …and get a gas Add heat to a liquid…
Word Study The root of the word evaporation is ____________, a Latin word meaning _____________________. vapor steam
Sublimation The process by which a solid changes directly to a gas.
Boiling The process by which a liquid becomes a gas and produces bubbles.
Molecular Movement of Boiling Why does the liquid in the first picture evaporate when no heat is added?
Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state.
Condensation The process by which a gas changes its state to become a liquid. Beads of water that have condensed from the surrounding air.
Molecular Movement of Condensation The heat leaves… and the energy from the particles decreases…creating a liquid GAS LIQUID
Word Study The root of the word condensation is ______________, which comes from a Latin word meaning ____________________. condense to thicken
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