Nervinio audinio lipidai ir jų svarba

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Nervinio audinio lipidai ir jų svarba Neringa Jucevičiūtė MF14/3

Lipidai Paprastieji Trigliceridai Vaškai Kompleksiniai Fosfolipidai Glicerofosfolipidai Sfingolipidai Glikolipidai Kiti (sulfo-, amino- lipidai) Prekursoriai ir derivatai Steroliai Riebalų rūgštys Hormonai, ketoniniai kūnai, kt.

Svarbiausi nervinio audinio lipidai Glicerofosfolipidai

Mielino lipidai 70% mielino (sausosios masės) sudaro lipidai, daugiausia – cerebrozidų ir cholesterolio Atlieka struktūrinę fukciją Svarbūs kaip izoliatoriai

Riebalų rūgštys Energijai gauti nerviniame audinyje beveik nenaudojamos: Beta oksidacijos metu ATP gaunama lėtai Nervinis audinys labai jautrus reaktyviems deguonies radikalams (daug susidaro beta oksidacijos metu) Mažas kraujo – smegenų barjero pralaidumas RR ω3 ir ω6 RR naudojamos eikozanoidų sintezei (pvz., neuroprotektinų – apsaugo smegenis nuo oksidacinio streso). Nerviniame audinyje randamos fosfo- ir glikolipidų sudėtyje: Dokozaheksaeno rūgštis (DHR) sudaro 50% neurono plazminės membranos masės.

DHR deficitas

Fosfatidilcholinai Glicerofosfolipidų tipas Labai svarbūs neuronų diferenciacijai Cholino rezervas – svarbu ACh (neurotransmiterio) sintezei

Sfingomielinas Sfingolipidas Sfingomielinas įeina į mielino sudėtį. Galbūt yra izoliatorius. Derivatas keramidas yra signalinė molekulė, skatina oligodendrocitų ir neuronų apoptozę. → Sfingomielinazės inhibitoriai galėtų būti naudojami demielinizuojančioms ligoms gydyti.

Glikolipidai Daugiausia randama glikosfingolipidų (angliavandenis + keramidas) Galaktozilkeramido (Cer-Gal/ galaktocerebrozidas) kituose audiniuose randama mažai, nerviniame – palyginus daug. Cer –Gal yra pagrindinis mielino lipidas. Cer –Gal gali būti paverčiamas sulfogalaktozilkeramidu (sulfatidu).

Sulfogalaktozilkeramidas (sulfatidas) Mieline sudaro 4% lipidų. Slopina mielinizaciją. Sulfatido koncentracija koreliuoja su neuropatijos sunkumu sergant metachromatine leukodistrofija (demielinizuojanti liga).

Cholesterolis Smegenyse sukaupta 20% organizmo cholesterolio Skatina sinaptogenezę Signalinių molekulių prekursorius Plazminės membranos sudedamoji dalis, palaiko jos „skystumą“ Reikalingas aksonų elongacijai Cholesterolio smegenyse daugėja progresuojant Alzheimerio ligai

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