Chapter 4.5 – Aquatic Ecosystems

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4.5 – Aquatic Ecosystems

Think About It (not on notes) We call our planet “Earth,” yet nearly three-fourths of Earth’s surface is covered with water. Despite the vital roles aquatic ecosystems play in the biosphere, many of these ecosystems are only partly understood.

Daily Objectives Describe the factors that affect aquatic ecosystems. Describe and compare the distinct ocean zones that make up marine ecosystems.

Aquatic Ecosystems The limiting factors in water biomes are: Amount of salt (salinity) Amount of dissolved oxygen Sunlight

2 Types of Water Biomes Freshwater Saltwater Rivers and Streams Lakes and Ponds Saltwater Ocean Estuaries Seashores (tidal areas)

Freshwater Biomes Freshwater contains little or no salt, so it has a LOW salinity. Flowing freshwater = rivers and streams Still Freshwater = lakes and ponds

Flowing Freshwater Streams The faster a stream flows the greater the amount of dissolved oxygen in it. Faster water flows = oxygen

Flowing Freshwater Streams The fish that live in streams are adapted to fast moving water

Flowing Freshwater Rivers Water moves slower in a river and debris settles on the bottom. Because of this, rivers tend to have more nutrients and less dissolved oxygen. nutrients and oxygen

Flowing Freshwater Rivers

Freshwater Ponds Small, shallow bodies of water Sunlight penetrates all the way to the bottom Most completely filled with plant material Very high amount of nutrients

Freshwater Ponds

Freshwater Lakes Larger and deeper than ponds Plant growth is limited to the shoreline Sunlight does NOT penetrate to the bottom= no plants after a certain depth!

Freshwater Lakes

Plankton Plankton are microscopic algae, plants, and other organisms that float on the surface of water biomes. They need sunlight to survive.

Plankton Phytoplankton are important producers in water biomes. They are the first step in many aquatic food chains

Saltwater Biomes About 95% of the water on Earth has a high concentration of salt. (High salinity)

Saltwater Biomes Estuaries (Wetlands) Area where a river meets an ocean Mix of salt and freshwater Located near coastlines, border land Extremely fertile Nutrient levels are higher than both salt and freshwater

Saltwater Biomes Estuaries Chesapeake Bay

Saltwater Biomes Seashores Tides have a huge influence on life here Intertidal Zone - Portion of the shoreline that is covered with water at high tide and exposed to the air at low tide.

Intertidal Zones Can be sandy or rocky Small fish, clams, crabs, other mussels are trapped in the tidal pools during low tide.

Intertidal Zones

Saltwater Biomes Oceans Can be divided into 2 main life zones 1. Photic zone- Sunlight penetrates 2. Aphotic zone- NO sunlight

Photic Zone Above 100 meters Sunlight penetrates Plant life and animal life is abundant

Aphotic Zone Sunlight DOES NOT penetrate There are no plants Animal life is highly specialized

Aphotic Zone Many of the creatures of the deep ocean have a special adaptation known as bioluminescence