Organizations Promoting Internationalism GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS

Bretton Woods Agreement Concerns about rebuilding the global economy after WW II (avoid repeat of Great Depression) Met in the United States – 44 countries participated (allies of the USA) Signed agreement to establish rules and institutions for the global economy: World Bank IMF – International Monetary Fund GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (later becomes the WTO)

World Bank (http://www.worldbank.org/) Created after World War Two: designed to help rebuild countries damaged by war Gives loans to countries in financial difficulty Focus is on reducing poverty by encouraging international trade Countries must meet certain conditions to get loans: Reduce debt and government corruption Promote free market principles (capitalism)

Works with the World Bank to provide short-term loans International Monetary Fund (IMF) (http://www.imf.org/external/about.htm) Works with the World Bank to provide short-term loans Focus is on reducing poverty through international trade Monitors exchange rates for world currencies (they help to determine what currencies like the Canadian dollar are worth, which makes it easier to trade internationally)

World Trade Organization (WTO) (http://www.wto.org/) Formed from GATT (General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs) GATT created after WWII  believed free trade would encourage world peace Focus of the WTO Improve trade relations between countries by removing tariffs and trade barriers Must be a member nation to participate within the WTO Members must follow rules on trade, and there is a panel that can help to mediate conflicts peacefully (Link to Video: The Truth Behind the WTO - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1Oj7Hk31LY)

NAFTA NAFTA is an example of a trading bloc: group of countries that work together to give each other better trade terms, often a form of free trade Organizations that are similar to NAFTA include ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and the EU (European Union)

Free Trade: reducing or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers NAFTA was created as a result of increasing trade between Canada and the United States Eg. – car manufacturing AutoPact Desire was to increase trade across the borders by promoting free trade Free Trade: reducing or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (http://www. international Canada & US 1994 – NAFTA Canada & US & Mexico In discussions – FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas) Western Hemisphere FREE TRADE: Reducing or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers

G-8 – The Group of Eight (http://www.g8.gc.ca/work-en.asp) The eight major developed nations (strongest economies) US, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada, Russia as of 2008 China is considered an emerging developing nation, as is India so they are part of the G20 Not a formal organization, instead they meet on a regular basis to discuss policy to help influence the foreign policies of member nations In 2008 they dealt with issues as diverse as what to do about the failure of the Kyoto environmental protocol, and the fraudulent elections in Zimbabwe

Created as a way for the leaders of these nations to meet informally OPEC crisis of 1970s Often the ministers will meet before the leader’s conference and establish the ideas and protocols the leaders will then support Concern - protestors

Protesting International Organizations MANY ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED TO RESPOND TO THE NEEDS OF THE POOR OR THE ENVIRONMENT HAVE CHOSEN TO PROTEST AT THESE MEETINGS TO GET THEIR MESSAGE OUT TO THOSE WORLD ECONOMIC LEADERS. INCREASINGLY GROUPS HAVE TURNED TO VIOLENCE IN ORDER TO GET ATTENTION FROM THE MEDIA – THIS ALL CAN BE LINKED BACK TO THE WTO PROTESTS IN SEATTLE IN 1999.

WTO

Views of globalization

Friedman