Volunteer work and Draft ICATUS ILO Department of Statistics Sophia Lawrence ILO Department of Statistics ICATUS Revision New York, (11-31 June 2012)

Volunteer work defined Unpaid non-compulsory work; that is, time individuals give without pay to activities performed either through an organization or directly for others outside their own household –It is work –It is unpaid –It is not compulsory –It can be done for or through organisations (i.e., market enterprises (corporations or household), government and non- profit institutions), or directly for other households ILO Department of Statistics 2

Volunteer work measured Current recommendations (Manual & 18 th ICLS) Its measurement is consistent with ILOs promotion of decent work: –For human dignity, in terms of economic and social development objectives ILO Department of Statistics 3

Volunteer work and SNA Within the SNA production boundary –All volunteer work through organizations ( e.g. teaching in a school, organizing a lottery for the Red Cross, cleaning rivers for an environmental organization) –Volunteer work directly for households producing goods for own use (e.g. building homes for homeless, making clothes for children) Beyond the SNA production boundary (inside the General production boundary) –Volunteer work directly for households producing services mainly for own final use (e.g. transporting a neighbour to a clinic, keeping company to the sick, preparing meals for the elderly) ILO Department of Statistics 4

Volunteer work ILO Department of Statistics 5 SNA 2008 Includes the voluntary production of goods and services in market- oriented and non-market enterprises Includes volunteer work in households that produce goods mainly for own final use 13 th ICLS standards being revised Within the population not usually active Optional sub-categories to identify people in community services and groups of unpaid volunteers Discrepancies between ICLS and SNA

New ILO conceptual framework volunteering in Work statistics ILO Department of Statistics 6

Volunteering in concept of Work Work comprises all inputs of labour for: –Production of goods and services for payment, profit or family gain; –Unpaid production of goods and services for consumption by others, ex. as a volunteer or part of a programme of education and training; (problematic) –Unpaid production of goods and services for own consumption or by members of own household (ex. subsistence production and household cleaning or child care) ILO Department of Statistics 7

8 Bringing all Work in line with SNA SNA 2008ACTIVITIES ICLS 13 th 18 th Productive Activities Within Paid employment Self-employment in market enterprises Production of goods for own final use Volunteer work in market or non-market enterprises ? Volunteer work in HH to produce goods for own final use ? Beyond Volunteer work in HH to produce services for own final use ? Unpaid household service work Non-productive activities Self-care, study, training, leisure, culture, … Begging, stealing (if products are not sold) ?

Classification of volunteers in proposed Work framework Engaged in productive activities w ithin SNA (may engage in productive activities beyond SNA) (labour input within SNA) Engaged exclusivel y in productive activities beyond SNA ( Part of labour input beyond SNA) In paid employment or market self-employment (may engage in own production and/or volunteer work) Persons in employment Seeking and available for employment Persons in unemployment Engaged in productive activities (may engage in non-productive activities) Persons who work Total Population E xclusively in non- productive activities Exclusively in volunteer work and/or own production Not seeking or not available for employment Persons not in the labour force Exclusively in employ- ment Also volunteered or did own production work Exclusively unemployed Also volunteered or did own production work Exclusively not in the labour force Also volunteered or did own production work 9 ILO Department of Statistics

Participation in different forms of work Volunteers Producers of goods mainly for own final use Unpaid household service workers Employed 10 ILO Department of Statistics

Problems to capture volunteers in TUS Because volunteering is not a regular or long-lasting activity, it tends to be underestimated in TUS When identified, TU classifications generally do not obtain information about: –The activities carried out when volunteering is done through organisations e.g. Red Cross, schools, government ILO Department of Statistics 11

Solutions to improve TUS measurement Demographic questionnaire –Include stylised questions on volunteering: Did you also do any type of unpaid work as a volunteer for an organization or another household… in the reference period ? Along with background information: –For how long… –What type of (volunteer) activities…? Time Diary –Instructions should give examples of types of volunteering activity (tends to be on/off, seasonal) –Even over short periods of time 12 ILO Department of Statistics

TUS context variables Including new variables in the Questionnaire, in addition to prompting, improves results: Context variable "for whom" the activity is carried out: Previous argument against: respondents not sure what to report Latest arguments for (Canada): ex. person reports cooking, shopping, driving, etc. not for own household but for neighbour or relative in another household –Without context information, activity will appear as Own production work ILO Department of Statistics 13

Demographic Qt: Household Roster & Demographic Characteristics Part I: Participation in all labour force activities Part II: Participation in other forms of Work -Own production of goods – what, whom, length - Volunteer work – what, whom, length ? -Unpaid trainee work – what, whom, length ? -Unpaid hhld service work – what, whom, length ? n+ T Illustration: Measurement in Time Use Surveys -Labour force activities (paid & self-employment in market enterprises) (Unemployment job search activities, duration) 14

Volunteering in non-TUS (LFS) Measure volunteer work as part of statistics on labour input, based on 1 hour criterion and working time hour bands In the same programme as producers of goods mainly for own final use (and unpaid household services) Use modules to the labour force or other household surveys, with an employment component Cover the working age population –Whether persons are working, seeking work or outside the labour force ILO Department of Statistics 15

Volunteering and ICATUS Volunteer activity should be measured: Both within and beyond the SNA production boundary AND That occurs in NPIs, for all Corporations, for Government Measure these workers (and their characteristics) as part of labour input Classify volunteer activities (43) to as many categories (at least) as community organized services (42) – (41) Separate out work resulting in goods vs. services (as for Paid Work activities) therein lies SNA distinction ILO Department of Statistics 16