Antonia Sophocleous, PhD, Roy Robertson, MD, Nuno B

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Heavy Cannabis Use Is Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density and an Increased Risk of Fractures Antonia Sophocleous, PhD, Roy Robertson, MD, Nuno B. Ferreira, PhD, James McKenzie, RGN, William D. Fraser, MD, Stuart H. Ralston, MD The American Journal of Medicine Volume 130, Issue 2, Pages 214-221 (February 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.034 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Models of mediation and moderation analyses. Models of used for PROCESS to theoretically assess mediation and moderation of the effects of heavy cannabis use on bone mineral density outcomes. The American Journal of Medicine 2017 130, 214-221DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.034) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Results of mediation analysis. Mediation analysis showed that the effects of heavy cannabis use on spine bone mineral density were indirect and mediated by a reduced body mass index (BMI), but partially offset by a high dietary calcium intake whereas there was evidence for a direct effect on bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and total hip as well as an indirect effect mediated by low BMI. See Table 4 and text for more details. The American Journal of Medicine 2017 130, 214-221DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.034) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions