Assessment of Functional Improvement Without Compensation Reduces Variability of Outcome Measures After Human Spinal Cord Injury  Andrea L. Behrman, PhD, PT, Elizabeth Ardolino, PhD, PT, Leslie R. VanHiel, PT, DScPT, Marcie Kern, PT, Darryn Atkinson, PT, Douglas J. Lorenz, PhD, Susan J. Harkema, PhD  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  Volume 93, Issue 9, Pages 1518-1529 (September 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.027 Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Boxplots of NRN enrollment measurements of the Berg Balance Scale (left panel), six-minute walk test (center), and ten-meter walk test (right) at NRN enrollment for the full sample and by phase at enrollment. *Phases significantly differed on outcome measure, Kruskal-Wallis test, P<.001. †Variances significantly differed among phases, Fligner-Killeen test, P<.001. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 93, 1518-1529DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.027) Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Boxplots of outcome measures at enrollment by phase classification and AIS grade at enrollment. Outcome measures significantly differed among the phase groups within groups of AIS grades C and D. *Phase groups significantly differed, Kruskal-Wallis test, P<.001 all measures. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 93, 1518-1529DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.027) Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Boxplots of changes in the Berg Balance Scale (left panel), six-minute walk test (center), and ten-meter walk test (right) from enrollment to final evaluation for the full NRN sample and each phase group. Significant improvement on each measure was observed for the full sample and within each phase group (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; *P<.001; †P<.01). Improvements were significantly different across the phase groups (Kruskal-Wallis test; ‡P<.001; §P<.01). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 93, 1518-1529DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.027) Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Boxplot of changes in outcome measures from enrollment to final evaluation for each enrollment/final evaluation phase group. Box plots are clustered with respect to the initial phase, and different shaded boxes represent different final phases. Improvements in the outcome measures were significantly different among these groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<.01 for all measures). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 93, 1518-1529DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.027) Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions