Shamim A. Mollah, Joseph S. Dobrin, Rachel E

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Flt3L Dependence Helps Define an Uncharacterized Subset of Murine Cutaneous Dendritic Cells Shamim A. Mollah, Joseph S. Dobrin, Rachel E. Feder, Sze-Wah Tse, Ines G. Matos, Cheolho Cheong, Ralph M. Steinman, Niroshana Anandasabapathy Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 134, Issue 5, Pages 1265-1275 (May 2014) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.515 Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flt3L dependence of migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets, including Langerin–CD11b- DCs. (a) Schema of lymph node (LN) DCs from Flt3L-tumor-treated versus C57Bl/6 (B6) control mice at day 13. PDCs (plasmacytoid DCs), cDCs (classical LN resident DCs), and migDCs (migratory DCs) are labeled. (b) LN DC subsets Flt3L-treated (upper) versus untreated Langerin–GFP mice. (c) Quantification of migratory DCs from Flt3L-treated, control, Flt3L-/- mice (quantified per skin-draining LN; error bars show mean ±SD of three individual mice per group, analyzed by an unpaired t-test). (d) Flt3L-induced expansion of skin-resident DC subsets from “crawlout” skin explants of doxycycline-inducible Flt3L mice given 8 days of doxycycline in their drinking water (top) versus untreated controls (bottom) (one representative experiment of two). (e) Quantification of DCs isolated from skin explant “crawlouts” of Flt3L-treated versus control Langerin GFP reporter mice (pooled from the ears of three mice per experiment, one representative experiment of three). (f) αCD205+ staining of skin DC subsets from explant cultures of doxycycline-treated (Flt3L+) versus untreated (control) mice (pooled from n=2 mice per condition). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 1265-1275DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.515) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 CD11b- dendritic cells (DCs) are skin-resident and migrate to the skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs). (a) Upper: representative skin-draining LN DCs gating from CCR7-/- mice treated with Flt3L (left), CCR7-/- untreated controls (middle), and B6 controls (right). Lower: CCR7-/- skin-resident DC subsets from “crawlout” explants (Flt3L treated versus untreated controls). One of three representative experiments is shown. (b) FITC painting assay with gating on FITC+ migratory DC versus total migratory DCs in Flt3L-treated (upper) and control mice (lower). CD11b- migDCs (red) directly capture FITC in the skin and traffic to the skin-draining LNs at 16hours and 24hours in C57BL6/WT mice (n=3 mice per time point). (c) Immunofluorescence of flank sections of Flt3L-treated (upper) and control (lower) mice co-stained with langerin (green), CD11b (red), and CD11c (magenta) and counterstained with DAPI to visualize cell nuclei. Positions of Langerhans cells (LCs: Langerin+, CD11b+, CD11c+, #). Dermal DC (CD11c+) were further distinguished as Langerin–CD11b- (↑), Langerin–CD11b+ (+), and Langerin+CD11b- (*) were marked in the merged images. Bar=50μm for all images. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 1265-1275DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.515) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Flt3L-responsive CD11b- migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) include CD24high CX3CR1low subsets. (a) In skin and skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs), a subset of CD11b- migDCs are CD24+ and expand with Flt3L. Gated pre (open) and post (closed) Flt3L in the LN and skin explant (lower) as compared with classical CD8α+ DCs and other migDCs (n=3 mice per group, one representative experiment of three). (b) Lower: Flt3L-expanded CD24+ cells are CX3CR1low within the CD11b- migDC subset (red) as compared with migratory CD11b+ cells (blue). Upper: Comparison of LN-resident CD11b+ CD8α- cDCs (blue) and CD8α+ cDCs, which are CD24+ CX3CR1low (red) (n=2 Flt3L-treated or control CX3CR1 mice per group, one representative experiment of two). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 1265-1275DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.515) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 CD11b- migratory dendritic cells (DCs) are Zbtb46-dependent. (a) Lymph node (LN) classical (cDC) versus total migratory DCs (migDC) and (b) migratory DC subset counts from skin-draining LNs after single-dose diptheria toxin (DT) versus PBS administration 24 or 48hours before harvest (n=3 mice per time point, one representative experiment of three). (c) Skin explants pooled from three Zbtb46DTR versus C57BL/6 controls 24hours after DT treatment (n=3 mice pooled per group, one representative experiment of two). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 1265-1275DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.515) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 CD11b- migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) present antigen. CD11b- migDCs present allo-antigens in the mixed leukocyte reaction (a-b) and present OVA protein (c-d) to CD8+ Vα2 OT-1 T cells with equal efficiency to other DC subsets ex vivo. One of two duplicate experiments is shown with triplicate wells per sample. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 1265-1275DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.515) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Langerin– CD11b- dendritic cells (DCs) relate closely to classical DCs. (a) Hierarchical clustering of subsets based on a twofold change or greater of all genes (n=8,601). (b) Heat-map comparison of DC signature gene expression across DC groups as compared with macrophages (yellow indicates the core DC signature). (c) Heat-map comparison of normalized intensity values from selected DC genes across all subsets. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 1265-1275DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.515) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions