PSI’s high intensity proton accelerator – an overview Mike Seidel, PSI

Accelerator Facilities at PSI High Intensity Proton Accelerator 0.59GeV, 2.2mA Neutron Source and Instruments p-Therapie 250MeV, <1A central controlroom µSR, particle physics Swiss Light Source 2.4GeV, 400mA XFEL Injector 250 MeV

Overview HIPA dimensions: 120 x 220m2 Injector II Cyclotron 72 MeV Cockcroft Walton Ring Cyclotron 590 MeV 2.2 mA /1.3 MW / secondary beamlines target M (d = 5mm) target E (d = 40mm) 1.5 mA /0.9 MW CW operation UCN source SINQ spallation source proton therapie center [250MeV sc. cyclotron] SINQ instruments dimensions: 120 x 220m2

PSI Ring - a separated sector cyclotron CW acceleration losses: ≈2·10-4 high RF efficiency up to 400kW power transfer per resonator possible concept works up to 1GeV Electrostatic Deflector beam profile at extraction: dynamic range: factor 2.000 in particle density 50MHz resonator 150MHz (3rd harm) resonator extraction septum d=50µm

operational statistics 1.4MW (several technical improvements) 93% (all time high) availability current

0.90 (AC/DC)  0.64 (DC/RF)  0.55 (RF/Beam) PSI-HIPA Powerflow Efficiency of RF: 32% 0.90 (AC/DC)  0.64 (DC/RF)  0.55 (RF/Beam) n: per beamline: 1013s-1@ 10eV ≈ 20µW public grid ca. 10MW RF Systems 4.1MW Beam on targets 1.3MW neutrons +: per beamline 5·108s-1 @ 30MeV/c ≈ 300µW muons RF efficiency is high at HIPA conversion to secondary particles  improvement potential Magnets  2.6MW aux.Systems Instruments  3.3MW cryogenics heat  to river, to air

high beam power: essential auxilliary capabilities activation in cyclotron peak: ≈10mSv/h exchange flask for meson production target activated collimator in hot cell [500Sv/h = 5E4rem/h @ entrance]

concept of target beamline [side view] BEAM DUMP secondary shielding platform for electronics, pumps etc. 4cm Target collimators vacuum chimneys for inserts, pumping connections primary shielding Iron !

Meson Production Target TARGET CONE Mean diameter: 450 mm Graphite density: 1.8 g/cm3 Operating Temp.: 1700 K Irrad. damage rate: 0.1 dpa/Ah Rotation Speed: 1 Turn/s Target thickness: 40 mm 7 g/cm2 Beam loss: 12 % Power deposit.: 20 kW/mA target, d=40mm Muon Transport Channel E4 solenoids Muon Rate: 4.6E8 +/sec @ p=29.8 MeV/c quadrupoles T.Prokscha et al NIM-A (2008)

HIPA ongoing improvements – injector cyclotron measure: exchange of 150MHz third harmonic resonators against 50MHz fundamental mode resonators goal: more reliable operation with unified components (tubes); lower losses, thus higher current possible today: 150MHz 2 50 MHz 150MHz Today in a different place 4 50 MHz after completion: 50 MHz new 50MHz resonator: (first resonator delivered 2011) [PSI: W.Tron, M.Schneider, M.Bopp, SDMS/france]

SINQ Upgrade – Source, Neutron Optics and Instruments Source-to-Detector Optimization SINX2 [U. Filges, M. Wohlmuther, W. Wagner, M. Kenzelmann, Ch. Rüegg] Targets: Increase detection rate of useful neutrons by factor 10-100, reduce measureable sample mass by same factor Benchmark: Signal/noise of leading continuous neutron sources (x10 peak flux) Source: - optimize moderators, H2O scatterer - increase dynamic range of thermal diffraction & spectroscopy Guide - novel guide technology system: - development of focusing devices - technology transfer to Swiss industry Instruments: - global optimization of signal-to-noise - wide-angle analyzer systems - concept development with ESS Detectors: - increased area - need new approach beyond 3He Upgrade of moderators to gain neutron flux SINQ moderator tank Global optimization from source to detector advanced neutron guides detector source Gain signal/noise by factor 10-100 14. November 2018

Potential option for future: HiMB = “High Intensity Muon Beam” [PR.Kettle et al] at 25cm distance 5·1010 µ+/s/mA expected [M.Wohlmuther] Idea: extract Muons from spallation target window;  ongoing study Principle: “Guiding field” solenoid – capture downward µs & transport to “focussing” solenoid “Focussing” solenoid – replacement of defocussing quadrupole doublet QHJ 31/32 act as focus for upward protons and a transport solenoid for downward muons “Fan-coupling” vacuum chamber – modification of AHO upper-part of vacuum chamber to allow extraction in the fringe-field of the AHO “Collection” solenoid for capture of momentum dispersed muons from AHO Conventional Dipole/Quadrupole channel – transportation of muons through cellar & to an experimental hall external to the SINQ hall Guiding solenoid Focussing Fan-coupling Vac chamber collection Conventional Dipole & Quad Channel p Peter-Raymond Kettle HiMB Kickoff Meeting Aug. 2013

HIPA - Summary With 1.3MW @ 0.59GeV PSI‘s HIPA operates at the forefront of high intensity accelerators HIPA runs reliably (≥90%) with high electrical efficiency (RF: 32%) ongoing improvement of accelerator for reliable operation; upgrade potential exists up to 1.8MW ongoing studies to better exploit the generation of secondary particles – Muons and Neutrons