1. Moved by carrier proteins in the cell membrane

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Presentation transcript:

1. Moved by carrier proteins in the cell membrane 2. Are highly specific - each carrier passes only one type molecule 3. Allows for the movement of certain molecules that are not normally able to pass through the lipid membrane 4. Examples: Sugars, amino acids, etc. 5. Movement of certain molecules goes with the concentration gradient (i.e. in the same as diffusion) 6. Moves molecules from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration. 7. No energy is needed Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

B. Active Transport Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

1. Also moved by carriers proteins in the cell membrane 2. Movement of certain molecules goes against the concentration gradient (i.e. in the opposite direction of diffusion). 3. Moves molecules from area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration 4. Requires energy (ATP) and carrier proteins in the cell membrane 5. Important in nerve cells and others Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

Active Transport is vitally important to organisms a. Iodine & Thyroid Gland i. [I+] is low in blood, high in Thyroid Gland Active transport moves I+ from blood to thyroid (The thyroid produces hormones involved in metabolism) b. Na+ is actively transported out of urine by kidney tubule cells Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

c. Sodium/potassium pump in nerve/muscle cells Moves Na+ from inside to outside of cell and K+ from outside to inside d. Cystic fibrosis i. Genetic disease ii. Usually fatal iii. Caused by blockage of Cl- transport channels Animation Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

V. Endocytosis and Exocytosis Another way to get molecules, especially large particles, in and out of cell B. Uses energy Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

C. Endocytosis: ("Endo" means "in") 1. The taking in of molecules or particles by invagination of the cell membrane forming a vesicle 2. Phagocytosis a. Large particles b. Visible with light microscope c. Examples: White blood cells, amoeba Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

3. Pinocytosis (“Cell drinking”) a. Smaller particles b. Visible with an electron microscope c. Ex. Intestine cells Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

Reverse of endocytosis D. Exocytosis: ("Exo" means "out") Reverse of endocytosis Vacuole/vesicle within cell fuses with cell membrane and the vacuole contents are deposited on the outside Important in secretion and excretion in cells 4. Ex. Waste from Amoeba, cell products from Golgi Apparatus Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

Wednesday, November 14, 2018Wednesday, November 14, 2018

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