United States Census Bureau Panel Data: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Haksoon Ahn, PhD Associate Professor University of Maryland School of Social Work hahn@ssw.umaryland.edu Financial Capability and Asset Building January 10th, 2018 Purpose of SIPP Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study from 1983 Collects: Federal and State program participation and eligibility (AFDC/TANF, SSI, SNAP/FS, MA, etc.) Demographic characteristics Household dynamics ad composition Income, asset, employment, etc

Methodology: Panel Sample Size and Redesign Table 1: Panel Data Sample Size 1983 First SIPP Panel was conducted with 9 waves and a sample size of 20,897 households per wave. 1996 Welfare Reform: Redesign and implementation of SIPP 2008 Last completed Panel Set data Includes 13 waves and sample size of 52,031 households per wave. 2014 Currently gathering Panel data with 53,000 Household sample per wave. 2014 Population Estimate - 318,857,056 people (Source: Vintage 2014 Population Estimates: US, State, and PR Total Population and Components of Change) Total Housing Units - 132,057,804 households (Source: 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates) Poverty Rate – 14.5 % (Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.) Number of Population living in poverty = 318,857,056 people x 0.145 (poverty rate) = 46,234,273 people Number of Population living in poverty = 132,057,804 households x 0.145 (poverty rate) =19,148,381 households (Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009. SIPP User’s guide sample design and interview procedures: Chapter 2. http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/programs-surveys/sipp/methodology/SIPP_USERS_Guide_Chapter2_2009.pdf)

Core and Topical Modules Core Modules: 2014 Wave 1 Financial Variables Repeated in every month or wave. Data includes: Was … unable to pay the utility bills? Demographics, Was.. Unable to pay rent or mortgage? Labor force, Income, Could not afford valance meals? Welfare participation Amount of income received from trusts during the reference period. Topical Modules: Owned any money market accounts or money market funds during the reference period. Specific program and policies questions. Not repeatedly measured. Owned any other financial investments during the reference period [such as coins, collectibles, jewelry, artwork, mortgages paid to him/her, other loans owned to him/her, and royalties] Person-level sum of all debt Household Composition Income Education Housing Health Insurance Coverage Government Program Participation Employment

SIPP Topical Module Categories and Uses of SIPP Program Participation - One of the most important reasons for conducting SIPP is to gather detailed information on participation in income transfer programs. - How have changes in eligibility rules or benefit levels affected recipients? - How do wealth and income patterns differ for various age, gender, and racial groups? Longitudinal Survey - What factors affect change in household and family structure and living arrangements? - What are the interactions between changes in the structure of households and families and the distribution of income? - What effects do changes in household composition have on economic status and program eligibility? - What are the primary determinants of turnover in programs such as Food Stamps? Category Topical Module Health, Disability, & Physical Well-Being Adult Well-Being; Extended Measures of Well-Being; Children’s Well-Being; Functional Limitations and Disability (Child and Adult); Health Status and Utilization of Health Care Services; Long-Term Care; Medical Expenses, Work Disability; Work Disability History. Financial Annual Income and Retirement Accounts; Assets and Liabilities; Real Estate Property and Vehicles; Recipiency History; Retirement Expectations and Pension Plan Coverage; School Enrollment and Financing; Wealth and Eligibility, Selected Financial Assets; Shelter Costs and Energy Usage; Support for Non-household Members; Taxes. Child Care & Financial Support Child Care Child Support Agreements; Child Support Paid; Support for Non-household Members. Education & Employment Education and Training History; Employment History; School Enrollment and Financing; Work-Related Expenses; Work Schedule. Family Characteristics & Living Conditions Household Extended Measures of Well-Being; Fertility History; Household Relationships; Marital History. Personal History Education and Training History; Employment History; Fertility History; Marital History; Migration History; Recipiency History; Work Disability History. Welfare Reform Eligibility for and Recipiency of Public Assistance; Job Search and Training Assistance; Job Subsidies; Transportation Assistance; Health Care; Food Assistance. Source: (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008; http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/programs-surveys/sipp/methodology/SIPP_USERS_Guide_Chapter3_2008.pdf)

U. S. Census Bureau SIPP Website Find all Panel Data under the Data Tab. Describes SIPP Data Collection Process

Empirical Case Study: Using SIPP Multiple Panels to Analyze Effects of Welfare Reform on Income, Childcare, and Employment among Low-Income Single Mothers Ahn, H. (2015) Economic well-being of low-income single mother families following welfare reform in the USA. International Journal of Social Welfare, 24(1), 14-26. Ahn, H. (2012). Child care subsidy, child care costs, and employment of low- income single mothers. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(2), 379-387.