DARWIN’S VOYAGE IN 1831 A 22 YEAR OLD BOY , CHARLES DARWIN, AGREED TO SPEND THE NEXT 5 YEARS SAILING AROUND THE WORLD.

SHIPS NATURALIST ON THE VOYAGE DARWIN WAS THE SHIP’S NATURALIST. A NATURALIST IS A PERSON WHO LEARNS AS MUCH AS THEY CAN ABOUT WHAT THEY SEE IN NATURE. AS YOU CAN IMAGINE AS HE TRAVELLED AROUND THE WORLD HE SAW MANY UNIQUELY DIFFERENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

DARWINS OBSERVATIONS ARGENTINA ARMADILLOS-ANIMALS THAT DUG TUNNELS IN THE GROUND SLOTHS- ANIMALS THAT MOVED VERY SLOWLY AND HUNG UPSIDE DOWN IN TREES SOUTH AMERICA INSECTS THAT LOOKED LIKE STICKS ANTS THAT MARCHED ACROSS THE GROUND LIKE ARMIES

DARWINS OBSERVATIONS DARWIN WAS AMAZED BY ALL THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIVING THINGS. TODAY SCIENTISTS HAVE IDENTIFIED MORE THAN 1.7 MILLION SPECIES OF LIVING THINGS ON EARTH SPECIES - A GROUP OF SIMILAR ORGANISMS THAT CAN MATE WITH EACH OTHER AND PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING (OFFSPRING THAT CAN REPRODUCE)

DARWIN’S OBSERVATIONS ARGENTINA- HE SAW BONES OF ANIMALS THAT HAD DIED YEARS BEFORE BUT THESE BONES WERE MUCH LARGER THAN THE PRESENT ANIMALS HE WONDERED WHY THE GIANT ANIMALS HAD DIED OFF AND ONLY THE SMALLER ONES WERE STILL ALIVE?

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES DARWIN WAS SURPRISED TO FIND THAT MANY OF THE BIRDS AND PLANTS FOUUND ON THE GALAPAGOS WERE SIMILAR TO THE ONES FOUND IN SOUTH AMERICA WERE YOU SURPRISED? HOW DID THEY GET THERE?

DIFFERENCES CORMORANS MAINLAND- THEY COULD FLY GALAPAGOS- UNABLE TO FLY

IGUANAS MAINLAND – SMALL CLAWS WHICH HELPED THEM CLIMB TREES (ATE LEAVES) GALAPAGOS- LARGE CLAWS WHICH ALLOWED THEM TO HOLD ONTO THE ROCKS BY THE OCEAN (ATE SEAWEED THAT GREW THERE)

TORTOISES DARWIN NOTICED THAT EVEN SIMILAR PLANTS AND ANIMALS HAD DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS FROM ONE ISLAND TO ANOTHER

THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS WERE FORMED FROM MELTED ROCK. HOW DID THE PLANTS AND NIMALS GET THERE? DARWIN INFERRED THAT A SMALL NUMBER OF THEM HAD COME FROM THE MAINLAND. THEY MIGHT HAVE BEEN BLOWN OUT TO SEA DURING A STORM THEY MIGHT HAVE BEEN ON A LOG THAT WAS SET ADRIFT DURING A STORM

ADAPTIONS LIKE THE TORTOISES THAT WERE DIFFERENT FROM ONE ISLAND TO ANOTHER HE NOTICED THAT FINCHES ALSO LOOKED DIFFERENT FINCH BEAKS LONG AND SHARP- ATE INSECTS FROM TREES SHORT AND BIG – ATE LARGE SEEDS

ADAPTIONS A TRAIT OR A VARIATION (SOMETHING DIFFERENT IN A MEMBER OF A SPECIES ADAPTION- A VARIATION IN A MEMBER OF A SPECIES THAT ALLOWS IT TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE BETTER THAN THE OTHERS. MANY OF THEIR OFFSPRING WILL ALSO HAVE THIS TRAIT

DARWIN THOUGHT THIS WOULD HAPPEN SLOWLY OVER MANY GENERATIONS EVOLUTION WHEN AN ADAPTION IN A SPECIES SPREADS TO A MAJORITY OF THE MEMBERS WE SEE THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIES HAS CHANGED EVOLUTION DARWIN THOUGHT THIS WOULD HAPPEN SLOWLY OVER MANY GENERATIONS

SELECTIVE BREEDING DARWIN KNEW THAT FARMERS SELECTED CERTAIN PARENTS FOR BREEDING AN OFSPRING WITH CERTAIN DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS INBREEDING WHEN THE PARENTS HAVE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS HYBRIDIZATION WHEN PARENTS HAVE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS

NATURAL SELECTION A PROCESS THAT ALLOWS THOSE INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO AN ENVIRONMENT ARE MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS. IT MEANS THAT NATURE HAS SELECTED WHICH MEMBERS (CHARACTERISTICS) IN A SPECIES WILL LIVE AND REPRODUCE WHAT TYPE OF SELECTIVE BREEDING IS IT

HOW DOES NATURAL SELECTION WORK OVERPRODUCTION ALL SPECIES PRODUCE MORE OFFSPRING THAN THEY NEED. WHY? TO GAURANTEE THAT THE SPECIES WILL SURVIVE IF ALL THE OFFSPRING SURVIVED THEN THERE WOULD BE TOO MANY OF EACH SPECIES – SO WHAT HAPPENS

COMPETITION THERE ARE ONLY A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SO THE OFFSPRING MUST COMPETE FOR THEM IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SURVIVE. WHAT ARE THEY ESCAPE FROM PREDATORS FOOD LAND A MATE THOSE THAT ARE WINNERS ARE SELECTED BY NATURE TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS

VARIATIONS AS WE HAVE LEARNEDD , SEXUAL REPRODUCTION PRODUCES A LOT OF VARIATIONS IN THE OFFSPRING. HAIR COLOR,HEIGHT,SKIN TONE,WIDOWS PEAK ETC. SOMETIMES THE ENVIRONMENT CHANGES AND THOSE BEST SUITED ARE SELECTED BY NATURE TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS

SELECTION NATURE SELECTS THOSE OFFSPRING WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAKE THEM THE FITTEST TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS EVOLUTION OVER TIME NATURAL SELECTION COMBINES ALL THE TRAITS THAT ARE GOOD IN THE SPECIES AND ELIMINATES THE ONES THAT ARE NOT

THE ROLE OF GENES IN EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION IN ACTION FINCHES PEPPERED MOTHS

HOW DO NEW SPECIES FORM GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

PANGAEA CONTINENTAL DRIFT

SECTION REVIEW WHAT IS EVOLUTION? WHAT DID DARWIN OBSERVE ON THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS THAT HE THOUGHT WAS THE RESULT OF EVOLUTION

EXPLAIN WHY VARIATIONS ARE NEEDED FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR.

EXPLAIN WHAT GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION IS. HOW CAN IT RESULT IN A NEW SPECIES FORMING?

SOME INSECTS THAT LIVE ON PLANTS LOOK JUST LIKE STICKS. HOW COULD THIS BE AN ADVANTAGE TO THE INSECTS? HOW COULD THIS TRAT HAVE EVOLVED THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION

A GROUP OF ORGANISMS WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN MATE WITH EACH OTHER AND PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING A WELL TESTED CONCEPT THAT EXPLAINS A WIDE RANGE OF OBSERVATIONS

A TRAIT THAT ALLOWS A MEMBER OF A SPECIES TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE OFFSPRING WITH THOSE CHARACTERISTICS THE PROCESS THAT GRADUALLY CHANGES A SPECIES OVER TIME (MANY GENERATIONS)

WHEN A SPECIEC PRODUCES TOO MANY OFFSPRING – WHICH RESULTS IN MANY OF THEM DYING WHAT DO THE OFFSPRING COMPETE FOR

WHEN A SPECIES IS SEPERATED AND CANNOT MATE WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SPECIES. THIS OFTEN RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW SPECIES AT ONE TIME THERE WAS ONLY ONE LARGE CONTINENT CALLED THIS CONTINENT SLOWLY BROKE UP INTO THE CONTINENTS THAT ARE HERE TODAY- WE CALL THE PROCESS