Electric Potential Energy and Voltage

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Presentation transcript:

Electric Potential Energy and Voltage

What is voltage? Potential difference describes the difference in potential energy between two points of an electric circuit. Potential difference is another name for voltage. Unit = volt (V) Measured by a voltmeter Voltage is what cause charges to move. The type of energy contained in an electron is called potential energy Think of a waterfall - Water naturally flows from higher point to lower .charges naturally move from higher level of energy to lower. The difference in potential energy between one point in a circuit and another – the voltage – makes charges move in a cirucuit. WB p113-114, reading voltmeter problems p174

sd WB p113-114, reading voltmeter problems p174

Intro to Voltage video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8qfhFXjsrw

Measuring Voltage To measure the voltage across a component in a circuit, you must connect the voltmeter in parallel with it. You can measure the voltage across a cell or battery. The more cells, the bigger the voltage.

Volt meter measuring voltage of a lamp Voltage will show decrease

Calculating Voltage V = Voltage E = = change in Energy ( in Joules) Q = amount of charge (in coulombs)

Cell in Series – Voltage adds up Increasing the number of cells in series increases the voltage (equal the sum of the individual cells) Eg. A 12V led-acid battery of a car is composed of really six 1.5V cells connected in series.

Cell in Series Three 1.5 V electric cells are connected in series to form a battery. What is the Total Voltage?

Cell in Series Three 1.5 V electric cells are connected in series to form a battery. V t V total = 3 (1.5V) = 4.5 V

Cells in Parallel –Voltage does not increase When cells are provided in parallel, they DO NOT provide more voltage. But they do provide a greater amount of charge. They can provide more charge in a given time (greater current) or provide a given charge for a longer time (longer battery life).

Homework CYU p 314 #1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10. WB p113-114, reading voltmeter problems p174 Or other WB p178-179

In a SERIES Circuit: VT = V1 + V2 + V3 …. IT = I1 = I2 = I3 …. Current: same through whole circuit; equal to Total Current IT = I1 = I2 = I3 …. Voltage: voltage across loads ADD UP to TOTAL VOLTAGE VT = V1 + V2 + V3 …. Resistance: Resistors INCREASE total resistance in circuit  TOTAL CURRENT DECREASES in circuit as resistors are ADDED. RT = R1 + R2 + R3 ….

Current in Series I1 = I2 = IT 0.5 A = 0.5 A = 0.5 A V1 + V2 = VT

In Parallel Circuits: IT = I1 +I2 + I3 …. Current through each path = Total current IT = I1 +I2 + I3 …. Voltage: SAME across each load as total voltage VT = V1 = V2 = V3 …. Resistance: Resistors DECREASE total resistance in circuit  TOTAL CURRENT INCREASES in circuit as resistors are ADDED.