Sir David Ochieng'1 The Islamic Marriage System Sir David Ochieng Foundation Spiritual Research Department March 2013 Presenter – Sir David Ochieng' Amir (President) Sir David Ochieng Foundation, Kenya

Sir David Ochieng' 2 Sir David Ochieng Human Resource Officer– Sunset Hotel Kisumu, Kenya Director – Legendary Friends Corporation Amir (President) - Sir David Ochieng Foundation International philanthropist of freewill society

Sir David Ochieng' 3 OUTLINE Islam – basic beliefs Islamic world statistics Islam in T&T – History / Current Muslim Marriage Act of T&T Fundamentals of a Muslim Marriage On being Muslims and Trinidadians Issues in Muslim marriages Questions

Sir David Ochieng' 4 Islam - Basic Statistics 1.2 billion, Muslims represent between 19.2% and 22% of the world's population. One of every five humans in the world is a Muslim Second largest religion in the world Fastest growing including Europe and America

Sir David Ochieng' 5 Muslims in Trinidad - History Aboard Columbus ships – cartographers African slaves – tribes of Mandingo, Fulani and Hausa Indian Indentured labourers – started with the Fath Ar-Razaak (Fatel Rozak)

Sir David Ochieng' 6 Islam in Trinidad Approximately 100,000 in number More than 100 mosques Islamic Educational Institutions – Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. Specialised Institutions – MCU, CIB, IFST

Sir David Ochieng'7 Islam – Basic Beliefs One out of every six (6) persons in the world is a Muslim.

Sir David Ochieng' 8 Basic beliefs Belief in One God – Allah (in Arabic) Prophets who taught Allahs Message. Muhammad (pbuh) as the last of the messengers. Believe in Jesus. The Quran as Gods words revealed to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).

Sir David Ochieng' 9 Basic beliefs Belief in a Day of Judgement and accountability for ones actions. Belief in Heaven and Hell. That family is the foundation of a society – promotes marriage.

Sir David Ochieng'10 Muslim Marriage Fundamentals

Sir David Ochieng' 11 T&T Law The Muslim Marriage and Divorce Ordinance 1961 No need to place bans. Marriage can be done by a Marriage Officer anywhere. Muslim Marriage Officers are appointed by the State.

Sir David Ochieng' 12 Essentials of a Muslim Marriage Contract Offer and acceptance (exchange of vows). The two parties to the contract: the prospective husband and the guardian of the woman. The presence of witnesses. Mahr (loosely translated as Dowry).

Sir David Ochieng' 13 Other Elements seen Signing of Marriage Register Exchange of rings Sharbat (sharing a drink together) Marriage by proxy Traditional practices (Asian, Mid-eastern, African etc.) Feast – relatives and friends

Sir David Ochieng' 14 Points to note A Muslim Marriage should never be kept secret. The permission of the bride is necessary - contrary to some writers. An Islamic marriage is between a male and female only. It is permissible for woman to make a marriage proposal to a man.

Sir David Ochieng' 15 Marital discord The Quran is the basis for which Muslims derive laws. The Quran asks that an arbiter be appointed from among a relative. Islam recommends the seeking of counseling from those qualified to do so. Muslims are also humans and subjected to same marital issues like others.

Sir David Ochieng' 16 Facing Reality in Muslim Marriages Abuse – verbal, mental and emotional Extra marital affairs Husband not being around – too busy. Betrayal of trust Issues of sexuality False expectations of marriage – media images of bliss

Sir David Ochieng' 17 Divorce Permitted but disliked. Must be last resort. Muslim Divorce Councils set up in Trinidad. The case is examined for validity and justification. The Quran asks for parting in good terms.

Sir David Ochieng' 18 Fundamentals of a Happy Marriage Faith Forbearance / Patience Friendship With Your Spouse Friendship With In-Laws Couple Friends Fun

Sir David Ochieng' 19 Fundamentals of a Happy Marriage Financial Plan Respect For Family Freedom Plan For The Future Fulfillment

Sir David Ochieng'20 Plurality of wives Polygamy in Islam

Sir David Ochieng' 21 Definition of Polygamy Polygamy means a system of marriage whereby one person has more than one spouse. Polygamy can be of two types. One is Polygamy where a man marries more than one woman, and the other is polyandry, where a woman marries more than one man. In Islam, limited Polygamy is permitted; whereas polyandry is completely prohibited

Sir David Ochieng' 22 What does the Quran say "Marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four; but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one." [Al-Qur'an 4:3] Before the Qur'an was revealed, there was no upper limit for Polygamy and many men had scores of wives, some even hundreds. Islam put an upper limit of four wives. Islam gives a man permission to marry two, three or four women, only on the condition that he deals justly with them.

Sir David Ochieng' 23 Polygamy – Not a rule Polygamy is not a rule but an exception. Many people are under the misconception that it is compulsory for a Muslim man to have more than one wife. Throughout the Islamic world, polygamous marriages constitute only 1–3% of all marriages. ( Wikipedia Encyclopaedia)Islamic world

Sir David Ochieng' 24 Polygamy and other religions In Exodus (Chapter 21, Verse 10) it is stated: "If he takes him 'another wife', her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage shall be not diminish." It is evident to even a casual reader of Old Testament that not only is polygamy permitted but also practiced, and that regulations for that have been stipulated in the scriptures.

Sir David Ochieng' 25 Polygamy and other religions Prophet "David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem." (11 Sam. 5:13). Prophet Solomon "had seven hundred wives, princess, and three hundred concubines." (I Kings 11:3 )

Sir David Ochieng' 26 Even the clergy had wives The Emperor Valentinian II, by an Edict, allowed all the subjects of the Empire, if they pleased, to marry several wives; nor does it appear from the ecclesiastical history of these times that the Bishops and the heads of the Christian made any objection to this law. Far from it, all the succeeding Emperors practiced polygamy, and the people generally were not remiss in following their example. Even the clergy often had wives.

Sir David Ochieng' 27 Legal status of Polygamy in Islam That polygamy is neither mandatory, nor encouraged, but merely permitted. That the permission to practice polygamy is not associated with mere satisfaction of. Rather, it is associated with compassion towards widows and orphans, a matter that is confirmed by the atmosphere in which the Quranic injunction was revealed.

Sir David Ochieng' 28 Legal status of Polygamy in Islam That dealing justly with ones wives is an obligation. This applies to housing, food, clothing, kind treatment…etc., for which the husband is fully responsible. If one is not sure of being able to deal justly with them, the Quran says: "then (marry) only one." (Quran 4:3)

Sir David Ochieng' 29 Legal status of Polygamy in Islam The requirement of justice rules out the fantasy that man can "own as many as he pleases." It also rules out the concept of a "secondary wife", for all wives have exactly the same status and are entitled to identical rights and claims over their husband. It also implies, according to the Islamic Law, that should the husband fail to provide enough support for any of his wives, she can go to court and ask for a divorce.

Sir David Ochieng' 30 Legal status of Polygamy in Islam The verse says "marry," not kidnap, buy or seduce. What is "marriage" as understood in Islam? Marriage in Islam is a civil contract which is not valid unless both contracting parties consent to it. Thus, no wife can be forced or "given" to a husband who is already married.

Sir David Ochieng' 31 Responsibility of husband The husband must have sufficient economic means to provide adequate food, clothing and other necessities of life to each of them Each of the wives must be provided with a separate house of her own The husband must spend equal time in the house of every wife He must divide his nights among them

Sir David Ochieng' 32 Responsibility of husband The fact is that the imposition of the previous mentioned conditions has made polygamy very much restricted among the Muslims; and one comes across very rare cases of polygamy in the Muslim societies.

Sir David Ochieng' 33 Mrs. Annie Besant wrote on this subject: "There is pretended monogamy in the West, but there is real polygamy without responsibility. The mistress is cast off when the man is weary of her and she sinks gradually to be the woman of the street: for the first lover has no responsibility for her future: and she is hundred times worse off than a sheltered wife and the mother in the polygamous home. When we see thousands of miserable women, who crowd the streets of Western towns during the night, we must surely feel that it does not lie in Western mouths to reproach Islam for its polygamy

Sir David Ochieng' 34 Mrs. Annie Besant wrote on this subject: It is better for a woman, happier for a woman, more respectable for a woman to live in Islamic polygamy united to one man only with the legitimate child in her arms and surrounded with respect, than to be seduced, cast out in the streets perhaps with an illegitimate child, outside the pale of law, un- sheltered and uncared for, to become a victim of any passer by, night after night, rendered incapable of motherhood, despised by all."

Sir David Ochieng'35 Thank You Please Direct or