Introduction to Medical Language and Evolve Student Resources Chapter 1 Introduction to Medical Language and Evolve Student Resources

The Longest Word in the Dictionary PNEUMONOULTRAMICROSCOPICSILICOVOLCANOCONIOSIS Would it surprise you that the longest word is a medical term? esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the longest single word term in the textbook (Chapter 11). Does this term look familiar? If not now, it will later … ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY

Importance of Understanding Chapter 1 Before Continuing Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the text because it is here that you are introduced to word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels—and the rules for combining them to build medical terms. You will use this information in each of the subsequent chapters to analyze, build, define, and spell terms built from word parts. Ask students for examples of medical or professional terminology that they have encountered in the past.

Objective 1: Create an account and register on the Evolve website. Chapter 1 Objective 1: Create an account and register on the Evolve website. Help students connect with the learning opportunities provided on the Evolve student website (free with new purchase of the textbook; they may be purchased separately to support used or rented textbooks). Technical support with account registration can be found by calling 1-800-222-9570.

Online Learning Activities and Resources on the Evolve Website See corresponding Fig 1.1 in the textbook. Audio format provided on the Evolve website provides key support for practice with pronunciation and spelling. Additional appendices may be found on Evolve and provide supplementary materials to expand the base of medical language learned through the textbook chapters. Take a moment to walk through the Evolve website with students, highlighting the Flashcards, Practice, Gradable, and Mobile Student Resources, Career Videos, A&P Booster, and games as relevant for your course. Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.

… you will unlock the following study tools Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Objective 2: Describe the origins of medical language. Chapter 1 Objective 2: Describe the origins of medical language.

Origins of Medical Language What are the main source languages for medical terminology?

Greek and Latin Word Parts The formal vocabulary of medical language began with the written medical documents of Hippocrates. Word parts of Greek and Latin origin are placed together to form medical terms. Throughout the textbook, margin comments offer you examples of the influence of Greek and Latin to medical terminology. Hippocrates – father of medicine – Hippocratic Oath (‘First, do no harm.”) Chromosome in Chapter 2.

Review Question Identify terms by origin Term hepatitis AIDS robotic surgery Zika virus Origin 1. Greek and Latin word parts 2. acronym 3. modern language 4. eponym The first occurrence of a robot assisting in surgery was in 1983. ZIKA virus: Its name comes from the Zika Forest of Uganda, where the virus was first isolated in 1947.

Objective 3: Define two categories of medical terms. Chapter 1 Objective 3: Define two categories of medical terms.

Categories of Medical Terms All medical terms in the text are divided into two categories: Terms Built from Word Parts Terms NOT Built from Word Parts Discuss the two general categories of medical language: terms built from word parts and terms not built from word parts. Provide examples of terms built from word parts and terms not built from word parts. Ask the students what medical terms they are already familiar with, and help them decide whether or not they are built from word parts.

Categories of Medical Terms Explain the learning strategy for each category of terms. Demonstrate the different types of exercises for each category.

Review Questions 1. Parkinson disease would be considered as a term: built from word parts not built from word parts 2. Osteoarthritis would be considered as a term: Answers: Question #1, b) Parkinson disease is an eponym. Question #2, a) oste/o/arthr/itis – define word parts and interpret meaning of whole term = inflammation of bone and joint

Chapter 1 Objective 4: Identify and define the four word parts and the combining form.

Four Word Parts 1. Word Root: fundamental meaning of a medical term—the core of the word 2. Prefix: attached to the beginning of a medical term to modify its meaning 3. Suffix: attached to the end of a medical term to modify its meaning 4. Combining Vowel: used to ease pronunciation—usually an “o” Word root: the core of a word. Each medical term contains at least one word root that conveys the fundamental meaning of the term. Prefixes often indicate a number, position, direction, time, or negation. often indicate: number such as bi-, meaning two position, such as sub-, meaning under direction, such as intra-, meaning within time, such as brady-, meaning slow negation, such as a-, meaning without A suffix often indicates a procedure or condition. A combining vowel is used to connect two word roots or a word root and a suffix. It is not used to connect a prefix and word root.

Word Root and Combining Form Word roots are the core of the word; fundamental meaning. Most medical terms have one or more word roots. The combining form is a word root with its combining vowel attached. onc/o/logist

hepat/itis Suffixes Suffix (S) Attached to the end of the word root and provides additional information; modifies meaning. Not all medical terms have a suffix. hepat/itis

intra/ven/ous Prefixes Prefix (P) Attached to the beginning of the word root and provides additional information; modifies meaning. Not all medical terms have a prefix. intra/ven/ous

Review Question The word part that is the core of the word is a combining vowel suffix word root prefix Answer is c) word root Ask students to explain the meaning of the other word parts listed.

Review Question If vowels are present at the junction of two word roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term, a combining vowel is usually still used not used used twice the letter i Answer: a) still used

Objective 5: Analyze and define medical terms. Chapter 1 Objective 5: Analyze and define medical terms.

arthritis Analyze and Define Have students add slashes between the word parts on their own sheet of paper.

arthr/itis WR S arthr/itis Step 1 – Add Slashes Step 2 – Label word parts WR S arthr/itis Have students check their work.

arthr/itis = inflammation of the joint Step 3 – Apply definition of word parts, starting with the suffix -itis = inflammation arthr/o = joint arthr/itis = inflammation of the joint Have students identify word parts and define the previous list of terms on their own paper.

Review Question Which of the following is analyzed correctly? WR CV S S arthr/o/path/y CF WR CV S arthr/o/pathy CF Answer is B). Discuss why other options are not correct. P CV S arthr/o/pathy CF

Using Your New Skills of “Analyze and Define” … back to the longest word in the dictionary PNEUMONOULTRAMICROSCOPICSILICOVOLCANOCONIOSIS pneumon/o – lung, air (Chapter 5) ultra- – extreme micro- – small (Chapter 9) -scopic – pertaining to visual examination (Chapter 5) silic/o – silicon volcan/o – refers to the mineral particles that make up a volcano coni/o – dust (Chapter 4) -osis – abnormal condition (Chapter 2) pneumoconiosis is learned in Chapter 5 PNEUMONOULTRAMICROSCOPICSILICOVOLCANOCONIOSIS is a 45-letter term and the longest word in the English dictionary. DEFINE: abnormal condition of the lung, brought on as a result of inhalation of pertaining to visual examination of extremely small particles of ash and silicate dust

Objective 6: Build medical terms for given definitions. Chapter 1 Objective 6: Build medical terms for given definitions.

Build the Medical Term for Exercise Figure A 1. 2. What term is formed by the word parts indicated on the slide? (oste/o/arthr/itis) A. Normal knee joint. B. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint / inflammation oste / o / arthr / itis

National Institutes of Health at nih.gov Reliable Websites National Institutes of Health at nih.gov Discuss reliability of websites dedicated to health and wellness topics. Students will be asked to provide definitions to terms used in case studies. Can students discuss healthcare websites to visit and those to avoid.

Use of Medical Dictionary and Online Resources Keep a medical dictionary close or create a bookmark for an online resource. Mosby’s Dictionary is also available in an electronic format.

Reliable Online Source – medlineplus.gov Many chapter exercises will direct you to a dictionary or a reliable online source. MedlinePlus provides health topics and medical dictionary, which can be accessed from the home page. Students will be asked to provide definitions to terms used in case studies.

Have Fun While Learning! Students may discover helpful websites. MedTerm Topics is a free website managed by one of the authors of Exploring Medical Language.

Learning a New Language - Tips Read Your Text Use Flash Cards Review with students the various study tips necessary for success in studying medical terminology. Play Games Practice/More Practice