What are the Effects of Osmosis? If you place a cell in a solution (mixture of 2 substances) Three things can happen. 1. Isotonic solution –When the concentration of water is the same inside and outside cell 2. Hypotonic solution- When there is a higher concentration of water outside cell, so water moves into cell 3. Hypertonic solution- when there is a higher concentration of water inside cell, so water moves out of cell

Methods of Transport Passive transport- movement from High to low concentration. No energy is used This is also called Simple diffusion Active transport- movement from low to high A. needs energy B. opposite of simple diffusion

Pinocytosis- cell drinking-engulfing small particles. Phagocytosis- Cell engulfing- ex Lysosomes fuse with a bacteria for digestion Cyclosis- Movement of the cytoplasm

Simple Diffusion-Passive Transport Move from HIGH to LOW concentration “passive transport” no energy needed Which way will molecules flow?

Active transport Cells may need molecules to move against concentration difference need to pump “uphill” from LOW to HIGH using ATP protein pump requires energy ATP

Transport summary

Isotonic Solution Balanced conditions no difference between cell & environment example: blood problem: none water flows across membrane equally, in both directions volume of cell doesn’t change

Hypotonic Solution Freshwater a cell in fresh water example: Paramecium problem: gains water, swells & can burst water continually enters Paramecium cell solution: contractile vacuole pumps water out of cell

Hypertonic Solution Saltwater a cell in salt water example: shellfish problem: lose water plasmolysis in plants shrinking cell solution: take up water