Predicting Chemical Reactions

Synthesis Remember: Synthesis Reactions describe a chemical reaction in which two or more substances for a new compound. Most commonly found with an element reacting with oxygen (O2) or sulfur (S8).

Synthesis: Substances combine to produce a compound that depends on the charge of the metal. Na + Cl2  NaCl Mg + F2  MgF2 Metals react with water to produce a metal hydroxide. CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 Nonmetals react with water to produce oxyacids (acids with oxygen in the compound). SO2 + H2O  H2SO3

Decomposition Remember: Decomposition Reactions describes a chemical reaction in which one compound becomes two simpler substances. Most commonly found as an endothermic reaction.

Decomposition: A binary Compound has two different types of elements bonded together, decompose into their elements. Hg0  Hg + O2 Oxyacids decompose into metal oxides and water. H2CO3  CO2 + H2O H2SO4  SO3 + H2O

Decomposition: Metal carbonate breaks down into a metal oxide and carbon dioxide. CaCO3  CaO + CO2 Metal hydroxides decompose into metal oxide and water. Ca(OH)2  CaO + H2O Metal chlorates decompose into metal chloride and oxygen. KClO3  2KCl + O2

Single-Displacement Remember: Single displacement describes a reaction which one element replaces a similar element in a compound. Most single replacement reactions take place within an aqueous solution.

Single-Displacement: Metal will replace a metal in a compound. Al + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Al(NO3)3 Nonmetal will replace a nonmetal in a compound. F2 + 2NaCl  Cl2 + NaF Metals react with acidic solutions, to produce an ionic compound and hydrogen gas. H in the acid displaced by a Metal Mg + HCl  MgCl2 + H2

Single-Displacement: Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas. H in H20 displaced by a Metal Na + H20 (l)  NaOH + H2 Transition metals require energy input to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen gas. Fe + H20 (g)  Fe2O3 + H2

Double-Displacement Remember: Single displacement describes a reaction which two ions exchange places to form new compounds. The reaction produces a precipitate, an insoluble gas (bubbles out), or a molecular compound (typically water).

Double-Displacement: Metal will replace a metal in each compound, or a nonmetal will replace a nonmetal in each compound to form two new compounds. Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KCl → 2 KNO3 + PbCl2 H2SO4 + 2 LiOH → Li2SO4 + 2 H2O