Nobel Prizes for Work in Solid State or Condensed Matter Physics H. KAMERLINGH-ONNES 1913 for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia to the production of liquid helium. M. V. LAUE 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. SIR W. H. BRAGG, SIR W. L. BRAGG 1915 for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays. C. E. GUILLAUME 1920 in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys. K. M. G. SIEGBAHN 1924 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy. SIR O. W. RICHARDSON 1928 for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him. C. J. DAVISSON, SIR G. P. THOMSON 1937 for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals. F. ZERNIKE 1953 for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope. J. BARDEEN, WI. SHOCKLEY, W. H. BRATTAIN 1956 for their research on semiconductors and discovery of the transistor effect.

applications in solid state physics. L. D. LANDAU 1962 for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium. L. NÉEL 1970 for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics. J. BARDEEN, L.. N. COOPER, J. R. SCHRIEFFER 1972 for developing theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory. L. ESAKI, I. GIAEVER 1973 for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively, B. D. JOSEPHSON 1973 for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects. P. W. ANDERSON, SIR N. F. MOTT , J. H. VAN VLECK 1977 for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered P. L. KAPITSA 1978 for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics K.M. SIEGBAHN 1981 for his contribution to the development of high- resolution electron spectroscopy. K. G. WILSON 1982 for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions. K. VON KLITZING 1985 for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect.

for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope G.BINNIG , H. ROHRER 1986 for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope E.RUSKA 1986 for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope. J. G. BEDNORZ , K. A. MÜLLER 1987 for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials. P.G. DE GENNES 1991 for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers. R. B. LAUGHLIN, H. L. STORMER, D. C. TSUI 1998 for discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. Z. I. ALFEROV , J.S. KILBY , H. KROEMER 2000 for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics.