Virology Introduction Viral Structure Bacteriophage Replication

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Presentation transcript:

Virology Introduction Viral Structure Bacteriophage Replication Animal Virus Replication Cancer

Virology - Introduction Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites Viruses are considered nonliving because they cannot reproduce on their own Viruses contain DNA or RNA either of which is double or single stranded

Virology - Introduction Host Range Refers to range of tissue virus can infect Most viruses can only infect a specific type of tissue within a host Host range is determined by receptors found on found on tissue cell surfaces

Virology - Introduction Viral Size Determined by electron microscopy; viruses cannot be seen under light microscope Viruses range from 20 to 10000 nm

Virology - Structure

Virology - Structure A viron is a complete fully developed particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat Nucleic acid Capsid and Envelope General Morphology

Virology - Structure Nucleic Acid Double stranded DNA Single stranded DNA Double stranded RNA Single stranded RNA Nucleic acid can be 1% to 50% of weight of virus particle

Virology - Structure Capsid and Envelope The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid is a capsid Capsid is composed subunits called capsomeres Capsid of some viruses is enclosed by an envelope consisting of lipids, proteins & carbohydrates Some envelopes are covered with carbohydrate-protein complexes called spikes

Virology - Structure

Virology - Phage Replication Phases Attachment Penetration Biosynthesis Maturation Release Lysogeny

Virology - Phage Replication Attachment - bacteriophage attaches to cell wall Penetration - phage makes opening in cell and injects DNA Biosynthesis - phage DNA directs synthesis of viral protein & nucleic acid

Virology - Phage Replication Maturation - Viral components are assembled into virions Release - Host cell lyses and virions are released into surrounding medium Lysogeny - Instead of biosynthesis, maturation & release, nucleic acid is integrated into genome becoming a prophage

Virology - Replication Animal Viruses Attachment - uses receptors on cell surfaces often using “spikes” on virus Penetration - whole virus enters cell via endocytosis; enveloped viruses can fuse with cell membrane Uncoating - Virus capsid is removed

Virology - Replication Animal Viruses Biosynthesis - early & late transcription produce virus enzymes, viral nucleic acid & capsid proteins, respectively Maturation - virus particles are assembled Release - Virus particles are exported

Virology - Replication RNA containing viruses produce reverse transcriptase to make complimentary DNA (cDNA) DNA then directs synthesis of viral components

Virology - Survey Human Viruses Viruses are grouped by families Similar DNA sequences & structure

Virology - Cancer Cancer causing viruses first identified in chickens Cancer causing viruses use genes derived originally from host Cancer causing process is called tranformation

Virology - Cancer Cancer causing viruses in humans Epstein-Barr virus (a herpes like virus) associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma (a relatively rare cancer in children in Africa) Herpes virus associated with cervical cancer Human papilloma virus causes genital warts but can also cause cervical cancer (some strains)