The Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms Manu Maudgal Indo-German Energy Programme Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Outline--Kyoto Protocol Overview Outline--Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Flexible Mechanisms CDM & HFC projects

Kyoto Protocol -Outline Adopted in Dec, 1997; provides architecture for international efforts on climate change. Based on "common but differentiated responsibilities.“ Covers Six GHGs : CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, PFC, HFC Annex I Countries: Reduce GHG emissions below 1990 level by 5.2% in 2008-2012 Annex II Countries (Sub-group of Annex-I) support financial & technology to Non-Annex I countries Non-Annex I Countries: to meet sustainable development goals No GHG commitment 09.11.2018

Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms Flexibility mechanisms create the ‘Carbon market’ to Stimulate technology transfer and investment Encourage the private sector and developing countries to contribute to emission reduction efforts Help countries with Kyoto commitments to meet their targets in a cost-effective way

Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms Joint Implementation (JI) (KP article 6) Allows Annex-I country to earn emission reductions from an emission-reduction or emission removal project in another Annex I country Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (KP article 12) allows Annex-1 country to implement an emission-reduction project in non-Annex-1 countries. Emissions Trading (KP article 17) allows Annex-I countries to sell unused emission units allocated to countries that are over their targets.

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Note: CER= Certified Emission reduction i.e. 1 tonne of CO2e

Source: UNFCCC, as on 18 February 2011 CDM Statistics : India Registered projects to date: 620 (22%) CERs 0.082 billion, (17% of CERs registered & issued) 0.047 billion per annum (11% of CERs in pipeline) Sectors covered supply side-- renewable energy, power demand side-- industrial energy efficiency; transport; municipal and solid waste; agriculture and livestock and changes in land use Source: UNFCCC, as on 18 February 2011

CDM Projects from India: HFC CDM Projects CDM Concept HFC-23 is waste by-product forming ~3% of the HCFC-22 manufacture capacity and let off into the atmosphere HFC-23 global warming potential (GWP) is 11,700 Under CDM project, HFC-23 is thermally incinerated CDM Projects from India: Gujarat Fluro SRF Chemplast Sanmar Navin Fluorine HFL Ltd Typical CDM Savings 350 tCO2e / tonne of HCFC manufacture 09.11.2018

CDM – Success as Kyoto instrument Successful in: Bringing near the goal of sustainable development Acquiring modern technology; technology leap-frog Provide additional source of finance for investment Commitment Period (2008-2012) Proven example of the theory that international carbon market can drive investment across the developing world

The choice made by our generation, …will affect life on earth for all generations to come. …Working together ‘POST 2012’ can make a difference Contact Information: Manu Maudgal 4th Floor, Sewa Bhawan R. K. Puram New Delhi- 110 066, India. Tel: +91-11- 26179699 Fax: +91-11- 26178352 Email: manu.maudgal@giz.de