Chemical Reactions Unit

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Stoichiometry A measure of the quantities consumed and produced in chemical reactions.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Reactions Unit Stoichiometry

- the study of the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions. STOICHIOMETRY - the study of the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions.

The Mole 6.02 X 1023

A Mole of Particles 1 Mole= 6.02 x 1023 particles = 6.02 x 1023 C atoms = 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules = 6.02 x 1023 NaCl molecules 1 mole C 1 mole H2O 1 mole NaCl

Molar Mass The Mass of 1 mole (in grams) Equal to the atomic mass (get from periodic table) 1 mole of C atoms = 12.0 g 1 mole of Mg atoms = 24.3 g 1 mole of Cu atoms = 63.5 g

Everything must go through Moles!!! Calculations molar mass Avogadro’s number Grams Moles particles Everything must go through Moles!!!

Mole Ratios A mole ratio converts moles of one compound in a balanced chemical equation into moles of another compound.

Molar Ratios N2 + 3H2  2NH3

N2 + 3H2  2NH3 How many moles of hydrogen (H2) would I need to produce as moles of ammonia (NH3)?

Calculating Masses of Reactants and Products Balance the equation. Convert masses to moles. Set up mole ratios. Use mole ratios to calculate moles of desired molecule. Convert moles to grams or to particles, if necessary.

Working a Stoichiometry Problem 6.50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of oxygen. How many grams of aluminum oxide are formed? 4 Al + 3 O2  2Al2O3 6.50 g Al 1 mol Al 2 mol Al2O3 101.96 g Al2O3 = ? g Al2O3 26.98 g Al 4 mol Al 1 mol Al2O3 6.50 x 2 x 101.96 ÷ 26.98 ÷ 4 = 12.3 g Al2O3

Percent Yield