Solutions and Solubility Curves

Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase. Solvent: the substance in greater amounts doing the dissolving Solute: substance in lesser amounts being dissolved. In the following solutions: determine which the solute is and which the solvent is. Salt Water Kool-Aid A mixture of 70% Carbon and 30% Oxygen

Factors that Affect How quickly a solute dissolves: Increasing the surface area Agitating a solution Temperature

What is Solubility? Solubility: the amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of water. Solution equilibrium: the physical state in which the solute is being dissolved at the same rate as it is turning back into a crystal.

Solubility Curve A graph that shows the amount of a substance that can be dissolved at a given temperature. Unsaturated solution allows more solute to dissolve without any solute remaining un-dissolved. Saturated solution: contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute, if more solute is added, it will remain un- dissolved.

Often, solubility will vary with temperature. Looking at the graph, what happens to the solubility as the temperature rises?

Solubility Curves You can determine if a solution is saturated or not based on where the amount of solute is in relation to the curve. Below the curve: unsaturated at that temperature Above the curve: saturated at that temperature.

Examples What is the mass of the solute that will dissolve in 100mL of water at the following temperatures: NH3 at 10C KNO3 at 50C What is the solubility of the following solutions at The given temperature? KI at 20 C NaNO3 at 60 C

Examples Are the following Saturated or Unsaturated? If Unsaturated, how much more solute can dissolve in the solution? 50 g NH4Cl at 90 C? 70 g of NaCl at 50 C?