Orbital Theory of Ice Ages

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
What drives the ice age cycles?
Advertisements

Earths Climate System Dr. R. M. MacKay. Natural and Anthropogenic Climate Forcing.
The Ice Age. The Ice Age Section Objectives Describe the climatic cycles that exist during an ice age. Identify and summarize the theory that best.
Our Corner of the Universe 100 mil ly5 mil ly. Our Neighborhood.
Climate Cycles and Cycles in Earth’s Orbit Cycles give predictability because they repeat at regular intervals. One of the major climate discoveries is.
GEOS 112 Lecture Topics 4/28/03 Read Chapter 12 (Glaciers) Final Exam – Monday, May 5 1:00pm 1.Types of Glaciers; 2.Glacier Formation, Mass Balance, and.
Lecture 34: Orbital (Milankovitch) Theory of the Ice Ages
Lecture 34: Orbital (Milankovitch) Theory of the Ice Ages
Myr ago Puzzle: Ice Ages! Occur with a period of ~ 250 million yr Cycles of glaciation within the ice age occur with a period of 40,000 yr Most recent.
MET 112 Global Climate Change -
Natural and Human Influences on Climate Change
Gyroscope.
OC 450: Orbital Controls on Climate (Chaps 8 and 10) Main Points: Small cyclic variations in the earth’s orbital characteristics affect the distribution.
CLIMATE CHANGE Global Temperatures: Past, Present, and Future.
Earth Sun Geometry.
The trigger for the initiation of the PETM was (probably) a period of intense flood basalt magmatism (surface and sub-surface volcanism) associated with.
Climatic Changes.
Causes of Climate Change anthropogenicand natural causes Physical Fundamentals of Global Change WS 2006/2007 Ina Sahlmann.
CLIMATE CHANGE THE GREAT DEBATE Session 10. CLIMATE CHANGE? If we have learnt anything from this course, it is that climate is not constant It is, and.
Natural Climate Variability Spring 2012, Lecture 10 1.
Creating an Orbitally Tuned Chronology. Overview.
CE 401 Climate Change Science and Engineering orbital variations and climate, aerosols, carbon cycle 25 January 2011.
What is an Ice Age ? Ice ages are times when large areas of the earths surface are covered with ice sheets The term is used to describe time periods when.
Ch : Climate & Climate Change Objectives: 1
OC 450: Orbital Controls on Climate (Chaps 8 and 10) Main Points: Small cyclic variations in the earth’s orbital characteristics affect the distribution.
History of Climate Change  During earth’s history, climate has generally been warmer than it is today, but is periodically interrupted by short cooler.
Quaternary Environments Climate and Climatic Variation.
1 MET 112 Global Climate Change MET 112 Global Climate Change - Lecture 4 Natural Climate Forcing Dr. Eugene Cordero San Jose State University Outline.
Sustainability and Globalization Global Warming. A global issue with regards to sustainability A world-wide warming of the Earth’s lower atmosphere.
17.3 Ice Age. What is an Ice Age? Thousands of years ago ice sheets covered much more of the Earth’s surface. Thousands of years ago ice sheets covered.
DAISY WORLD, LIGHT/DARK DASIES EFFECT OF DASIES ON GLOBAL CLIMATE.
What is this and how does it link to the topic?. Natural Causes of Climate Change L.O. To be able to describe the natural causes of climate change and.
Warm-Up Word Splash- Take a few minutes to think about the following words and tell me what they mean to you. Global Warming Climate Change.
Module 4 Changes in Climate. Global Warming? Climate change –The pattern(s) of variation in climate (temperature, precipitation) over various periods.
Dr Mark Cresswell FOLLOWED BY: Solar Practical Solar and Milankovitch Forcing 69EG5513 – Climate & Climate Change.
Milankovitch Cycles and the Big Chill CGF3MI Sunday, June 5, 2016.
April , 2005 NOTE: Reviews will be handed back Thurs/Fri to
Edexcel AS Geography Unit 1 – Global Challenges (6GE01) World at Risk Climate change and its causes – Part B.
Climate Change Monday, November 5th. Anthropogenic Climate Change Thomas Jefferson, 1781 Notes on the State of Virginia –Springs are warmer –Less winter.
Wednesday March 23, 2011 (Ice Ages) (Period 5 Only: Video and Quiz – Oceans, Earth’s Last Frontier)
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
Discuss the relationship between climate and biomes.
Global Warming: the history Why should we be worried about overall global climate change?
History of Climate Change  During earth’s history, climate has generally been warmer than it is today, but is periodically interrupted by short cooler.
Causes of Climate Change Think: What is climate change? (key words you have heard on the news, important impacts, etc) Global Climate Change
An Orbital Theory For Glacial Periods
Orbital Control of Climate The last 600,000 years.
Chapter 2- Activity 3 How Do Earth’s Orbital Variations Affect Climate?
Weather, Climate and Society ATMO 336 Seasons Orbital Variations and Ice Ages.
Long-Term Changes in Climate
Causes of Global Warming. “Over the last few decades there’s been much more evidence for the human influence on climate…. We’ve reached the point where.
Climate. Weather vs. Climate Weather – the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. – Short-term: Hours and days – Localized: Town,
Climate and the Seasons
1 MET 112 Global Climate Change MET 112 Global Climate Change - Lecture 6 Natural Climate Forcing Dr. Eugene Cordero San Jose State University Outline.
To recap Give 2 examples of research methods that show long term historical climate change? How reliable are these? Give 2 ways of measuring medium term.
Milankovitch, 1937 Orbital Theory of Ice Ages
The Earth’s Orbit and Climate
Lecture 20: Orbital Variations in Ice Sheets (Milankovitch Cycles)
Climates of Geologic Time
Milankovitch cycles/ Chaotic obliquity variations
Long-term climate change & Short-term climate variability
Climate and the Seasons
The Earth’s Orbit and Climate
Past Climates - the mechanisms
Do Now Please take out your Milankovitch Cycles Packet.
Atmosphere Thinking Sheet 02/01/18 or 02/02/18
Earth Sun Geometry.
The Earth’s Orbit and Climate
Natural climate change
Historical Climate Change
Presentation transcript:

Orbital Theory of Ice Ages Milankovitch, 1937 Orbital Theory of Ice Ages 3 dominant pacemakers of climate change Eccentricity: 100,000 year cycle Obliquity: 41,000 year cycle Precession: 23,000 year cycle

Eccentricity – 100,000 & 400,000 yrs

Obliquity – 41,000 yrs

Precession – 23,000 yrs

Earth wobbles in space so that its tilt changes between about 22 and 25 degrees on a cycle of about 41,000 years.

Changes in tilt change the severity of the seasons - more tilt means more severe seasons - warmer summers and colder winters; less tilt means less severe seasons - cooler summers and milder winters.

It is the cool summers which are thought to allow snow and ice to last from year to year in high latitudes, eventually building up into massive ice sheets (moderate winters – warm).

There are positive feedbacks in the climate system as well, because an Earth covered with more snow reflects more of Sun's energy into space, causing additional cooling. In addition, it appears that the amount of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere falls as ice sheets grow, also adding to the cooling of the climate.

e = (a2 - b2)1/2  / a

Aphelion – when Earth is furthest from Sun. ~21,000 yr.

These three “orbital parameters” operate simultaneously, influencing the distribution of solar radiation on Earth (Insolation)

Milankovitch cycles are “Pacemakers of the Ice Ages”

The combination of the 41,000 year tilt cycle and the 22,000 year precession cycles, plus the smaller eccentricity signal, affect the relative severity of summer and winter, and are thought to control the growth and retreat of ice sheets. Cool summers in the northern hemisphere, where most of Earth's land mass is located, appear to allow snow and ice to persist to the next winter, allowing the development of large ice sheets over hundreds to thousands of years. Conversely, warmer summers shrink ice sheets by melting more ice than the amount accumulating during the winter.

Orbital changes occur over thousands of years, and the climate system may also take thousands of years to respond to orbital forcing. Theory suggests that the primary driver of ice ages is the total summer radiation received in northern latitude zones where major ice sheets have formed in the past, near 65 degrees north. Past ice ages correlate well to 65N summer insolation. Astronomical calculations show that 65N summer insolation should increase gradually over the next 25,000 years, and that no 65N summer insolation declines sufficient to cause an ice age are expected in the next 50,000 - 100,000 years

Obliquity (41 ka cycle) dominates most of Earth history but Eccentricity (100 ka cycle) dominates the last 700 ka with higher amplitude changes and the “sawtooth”

41 ka cycles (obliquity) dominate the Pliocene and early Pleistocene 100 ka 41 ka 100 ka cycles (eccentricity) dominate the late Pleistocene

Orbital parameters have been operating throughout Earth history But the energy changes between “glacial” and “interglacial” are actually very small, so they cannot explain all climate change Why have we not always had ice ages? Global climate of the Pleistocene and Holocene appears to be more susceptible to rapid change than in most of Earth history. Thus the world today may be highly sensitive to things like atmospheric CO2 concentration