Take 5- 11/3/11 What is DNA? Why is it important to you? What organisms have DNA?

Take 5 – 10/21/10 DNA determines an organisms ______________. What does DNA stand for? DNA is the blueprint to making _____________. The structure of DNA is a ___________ ___________.

Take 5 The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components? The two purine bases are _____________. Name the nitrogenous bases that are complementary to this nucleotide sequence: A T T C G G T A T C Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _______________________. Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar Guanine and Adenine T A A G C C A T A G Double helix

Take 5: 11/4/11 Watson and Crick’s discovery was based on the x-ray crystallography work of which scientist? During DNA replication, what enzyme adds complementary bases? The two purine bases are _____________.

DNA NOTES Chapter 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid What does DNA stand for? __________________________ DNA is made up of single units (building blocks) called ______________ Deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotides

What is DNA? DNA contains _______, which make us who we are DNA is a set of ______________________________________________ DNA contains _______, which make us who we are instructions found in every cell. genes

Who do you think James Watson and Francis Crick are? They _____________________ ___________________________ won a Nobel Prize for their work figuring out the structure of DNA

Watson & Crick

Also, the discovery of its shape was made with help of Rosalind Franklin, a person who used x-ray crystallography to photograph DNA.

DNA is made up of four nitrogenous bases: _______________ Adenine (A) Change this in your notes Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)

A nucleotide is composed of three parts phosphate deoxyribose (sugar) _______________________ phosphate deoxyribose (sugar) Nitrogenous base

Two of the nitrogenous bases are ___________ and two nitrogenous bases are ______________ The two pyrimidine bases are _____________ & ______________. The two purine bases are _____________ & _____________. purines pyrimidines Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Adenine (A)

Pyramids CT (Connecticut) Pyrmidine Cytosine Thymine

A GA (Georgia) Peach is innocent and PURE Purine Guanine Adenine

Purines always pair up with pyrimidines!

DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder also called a ____________ double helix http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

The rungs of the ladder are the __________________. The sides of the ladder are the ____________________. nitrogenous bases sugars & phosphates

Deoxyribose: Phosphate Group: Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine: Thymine: Guanine: Cytosine:

There are different types of bonds holding DNA together. The bonds between the phosphates and sugar are _________________________ strong covalent bonds

The bonds between the nitrogenous bases are _________________________ Between Adenine and Thymine there is a __________________ Between Guanine and Cytosine there is a ______________ weak hydrogen bonds double bond triple bond

Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? _________________________ Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?____________ _________________________ inside the nucleus floating free in the cytoplasm

What is DNA REPLICATION? Why does it occur? ________________________________________________________________________________________ This is how DNA copies itself when cells are going to divide or if the DNA is damaged.

DNA REPLICATION

Explain semi-conservative replication: _________________________________________________________________ 2 strands separate, each one becomes 1/2 of the new double helix

one we use

Base pairing is easy to remember because: ____________________ A bonds with T C bonds with G A-T C-G

Purines always pair up with pyrimidines!

What is a replication fork? __________________________________________ the initial point of separation

It splits like a fork

free nucleotides to the DNA Helicase is an ____________________________________________ DNA Polymerase is an __________________________________________________________________ enzyme that unwinds & unzips DNA enzyme that attaches free nucleotides to the growing new strand

the opposite strand is 5' to 3' Define Antiparallel Chains: one strand of DNA is 3' to 5' the opposite strand is 5' to 3'

Antiparallel

Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” ____________________________________________ DNA Helicase uncoils 1. the DNA strand

________________________________________ Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” ________________________________________ 2. The H+ bonds between the N-bases break

Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DNA Polymerase 3. attaches floating nucleotides to the exposed parent strand until a complementary strand is completed

____________________ Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” ____________________ DNA recoils 4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teV62zrm2P0