Nucleic Acids The stuff your genes are made of

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Presentation transcript:

Nucleic Acids The stuff your genes are made of (and we don't mean your Calvin Klein's)

Nucleic acids are large molecules used in heredity and protein synthesis. Made of building blocks called nucleotides. Nucleotide has a pentose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base. Types -DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid -RNA- Ribonucleic acid

The pentose sugar used in RNA is ribose, but the sugar used in DNA is deoxyribose which is missing an atom of oxygen The pentose sugar used in RNA is ribose, but the sugar used in DNA is deoxyribose which is missing an atom of oxygen.

There are five different nitrogenous bases There are five different nitrogenous bases. Adenine, guanine, and cytosine are used by both DNA and RNA. Thymine is used by only DNA and RNA uses uracil in place of thymine.

The bases are attached to carbon # 1 of the pentose sugar.

Nucleic acids are made by bonding the phosphate of one nucleotide to the sugar of the next nuclotide. Each added nucleotide bonds with carbon #3 of the last nucleotide on the chain. This results in a backbone with a repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate-sugar- phosphate. Along this backbone are the nitrogenous base extending outward.

RNA -Single stranded -Backbone- sugar-phosphate, sugar- phosphate -Sugar-Ribose -Bases- U, A,G,C (no thymine) -Smaller than DNA -Found in nucleus and cyctoplasm

Nucleotides will bond together to make long strands in DNA Nucleotides will bond together to make long strands in DNA. DNA actually contains two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded together.

The DNA molecule will look like a twisted ladder called a double helix.

DNA - Double stranded -Sugar is Deoxyribose -Structure analogous to a ladder -Backbone- sugar-phosphate, sugar-phosphate -Nitrogenous bases are hydrogen bonded -T, A,G,C (not uracil) -Largest molecule in the cell/nucleus -Found in nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast -Base pairing A-T and G-C

DNA- is antiparallel (one side runs 5’ to 3’ and other side runs 3’ to 5’)