A Contextual Survey of the Southern Walls Shelby Eagleburger GRAM-NSF-REU, California State University-Long Beach Kaaawa Valley, Kualoa Ranch, Oahu, Hawaii, 2013

Project Focus Are there commonalities in the context of the walls that run down the southern slope that may help in the production of a predictive model to locate similar features in other valleys?

Methodology & Obstacles Survey Systematic Identification Distinctive Attributes Linear in shape Composed of unworked rock Exist in an agglomerated structure Problems Vegetation Hindered travel and GPS signal Equipment Identification Lack of Experience Time Constraints Documentation Pictures Slope X,Y,Z Context

Vegetation Cover Problem

The walls are consistently built in areas with slopes ranging from approximately 15 to 24 degrees and 100 to 200 meters in elevation

The clinometer readings were consistent with the slope analysis There were some outliers however the reading were taken on the walls themselves and not the ground

Average Nearest Neighbor Result Observed Mean Distance: Meters Expected Mean Distance: Meters Nearest Neighbor Ratio: Z-Score:

Linear Directional Mean Mean Length: m Mean Height: 1.24 m Mean Width: 0.76 m Mean Compass Angle (clockwise from due North): Circular Variance (how much orientations deviate from the mean):

WallAspect 1North 2Northeast 3North 4Northeast 5Southeast 6North

Conclusions Further Research Looking into other analogous valleys that may share some of the same traits to see if the same type of features appear. Common Traits Construction Height: 0.65 to 1.45 meters Width: 0.4 to 1.12 meters Building Area Slopes: 15 to 24 degrees Elevation: 100 to 200 meters