Chapter 3 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Please read Chapter 3 in Archer Textbook.
Advertisements

Climate Sensitivity & Climate Feedback Instructor: Prof. Johnny Luo
Climate Forcing and Physical Climate Responses Theory of Climate Climate Change (continued)
Disko Bay, Greenland - 624,000 cubic miles of ice; 10% of Earth’s fresh water.
Earth Systems Science Chapter 3 I. Global Energy Balance and the Greenhouse Effect: The Physics of the Radiation Balance of the Earth 1.Electromagnetic.
Lecture 3: The greenhouse effect. Other concepts from Lecture 2 Temperature Scales Forms of Heat Transfer Electromagnetic Spectrum Stefan-Boltzmann Law.
Evidence for Milankovitch theory (wikipedia!). Px272 Lect 3: Forcing and feedback Balance of solar incoming, and earth emitted outgoing radiation Increments.
Forcing the Climate. Climate Forcing Radiative Forcing Non-Radiative Forcing Change in the Earth’s energy balance.
1 Weather and Climate Bay Area Earth Science Institute (BAESI) Energy in the Atmosphere San Jose State University, January 24, 2004
The Greenhouse Effect CLIM 101 // Fall 2012 George Mason University 13 Sep 2012.
Incoming Solar Energy What affects the amount of incoming solar energy?
4. Models of the climate system. Earth’s Climate System Sun IceOceanLand Sub-surface Earth Atmosphere Climate model components.
Earth-Atmosphere Energy Balance Earth's surface absorbs the 51 units of shortwave and 96 more of longwave energy units from atmospheric gases and clouds.
1 Met 10 Weather Processes Jeff Gawrych Temperature, Heat Transfer and Earth’s Energy Balance.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration The Energy Budget and the Greenhouse Effect Dr. Lin H. Chambers, NASA Langley Research Center.
Radiation Group 3: Manabe and Wetherald (1975) and Trenberth and Fasullo (2009) – What is the energy balance of the climate system? How is it altered by.
Understanding the Science of Climate Change Susquehanna University January 9, 2015
Overview of Climate V. Ramaswamy (“Ram”) U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton University.
V/1 Atmospheric transport and chemistry lecture I.Introduction II.Fundamental concepts in atmospheric dynamics: Brewer-Dobson circulation and waves III.Radiative.
Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere  Creates Circulation Circulation.
Lecture 3 read Hartmann Ch.2 and A&K Ch.2 Brief review of blackbody radiation Earth’s energy balance TOA: top-of-atmosphere –Total flux in (solar or SW)=
TOPIC III THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT. SOLAR IRRADIANCE SPECTRA 1  m = 1000 nm = m Note: 1 W = 1 J s -1.
Topic 6. Without energy from the sun, conditions on Earth would be different. What is the energy that is radiated from the Sun? The energy that is radiated.
Please read Chapter 4 in Archer Textbook
Lecture 3: Radiation and Earth’s Atmosphere EarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdfEarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdf, p. 1-5 For more advanced reading materials, please.
Chapter 3 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate To date, we have learned 1)The greenhouse effects, through understanding the simplest greenhouse model,
CE 401 Climate Change Science and Engineering modeling of climate change predictions from models 10 February 2011 team selection and project topic proposal.
Energy, heat, and absorption Scripps Classroom Connection
The Greenhouse Effect. Natural heating of earth’s surface caused by greenhouse gases –CO 2 (Carbon Dioxide) –CH 3 (Methane) –N 2 O (Nitrous Oxide) –H.
The Atmosphere: One component of the climate system Composition / Structure Radiative transfer Vertical and latitudinal heat transport Atmospheric circulation.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 The Oceans and Climate Change Greenhouse Effect.
Atmospheric gases allow sunshine to pass through but absorb heat that is radiated back from the surface of the earth. This acts as a blanket keeping heat.
A Little Climate Physics Kerry is this your original? If not, something selected from
ATMOS 5400 The Climate System 01. Introduction 2. Energy fluxes a. effect of clouds b. turbulent heat fluxes c. greenhouse gases.
How the Greenhouse Effect Works/Feedback factors
Atmospheric Heating.
Greenhouse gases/ Atmospheric Structure
Energy constraints on Global Climate
How the Greenhouse Effect Works/Feedback factors
The Greenhouse Effect 8.6 The greenhouse effect is a natural process whereby gases and clouds absorb infrared radiation emitted by Earth’s surface and.
The Greenhouse Effect.
Composition & Structure
What is Energy? Energy – the ability to do work
Global energy balance SPACE
Natural Environments: The Atmosphere
The Atmosphere: Part 2: Radiative equilibrium
Climate: Earth’s Dynamic Equilibrium
Greenhouse Effect By: Jenna Rano.
Solar Energy.
Greenhouse Effect Presented By: Janet Fang Sam Atwood EESC W4400.
Energy from the Sun Sun’s energy travels 148 million km to Earth in only 8 minutes Earth receives less than one-billionth of the Sun’s energy Reaches Earth.
Greenhouse Gases and Climate Modeling
What controls climate? Energy from the Sun – Radiation
Miss. Jadhav S.V. Assit.Professor
Unit 3 Notes Part 4: Greenhouse Effect
May 21, 2018 Journal: Why are bacteria important to the nitrogen cycle?
Global Warming Effects of increase CO2
Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability
Earth's atmosphere reflects or absorbs some sunlight but allows most of the visible light pass through to Earth's surface. 4 ways the atmosphere affects.
Energy Balance and Circulation Systems
Climate Forcing.
Atmosphere Thinking Sheet 1/30/18 or 1/31/18
What controls climate? Energy from the Sun – Radiation
Climate, Energy, and Earth
Energy transfer in the atmosphere
Climate Change.
Greenhouse Effect.
Wind scale. Wind scale Global warming - increased surface temperature due to natural and man-made causes. But……what’s the problem? Questions: 1)
Topic Climate Change.
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Kiehl and Trenberth (1997)

Energy Balance at the TOA (Ch. 2) Planetary albedo Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) Net incoming radiation Movie of net incoming radiation Zonal mean net radiation at TOA

Why do we global wind patterns (general circulation)? Unequal heating of tropics and poles

General Circulation of the Atmosphere

Radiative Forcing

The greenhouse effect Solar radiation Long-wave radiation 236 Wm-2 Equivalent T = 255 K (-18ºC) 390 Wm-2 T = 288 K (+15ºC)

Nuclear Configuration and Permanent Dipole Movement Symmetric, linear molecules (Both ends look the same) Nonlinear or bent Have pure rotation bands

Vibrational Modes of Diatomic and Triatomic Molecules

Atmospheric Absorption Nitrous Oxide Atmospheric Absorption Methane Solar radiation passes rather freely through earth's atmosphere, but earth's re-emitted longwave energy either fits through a narrow window or is absorbed by greenhouse gases and re-radiated toward earth. Ozone Absorption (100%) Water Vapor Carbon Dioxide UV IR Total Atmo Wavelength

Spectra of outgoing radiation from Earth observed by IRIS on Nimbus 3

Cloud forcing = cloudy – cloud-free Clouds and Radiation 1. Cloud maps 2. Radiation plots Cloud forcing = cloudy – cloud-free NET = SW + LW

Thermal equilibrium profiles

The Enhanced greenhouse effect Solar (S) and longwave (L) radiation in Wm-2 at the top of the atmosphere S L 236 236 S L 236 236 S L 236 236 S L 236 236 T = -18°C CO2 x 2 + Feedbacks H2O (+60%) Ice/Albedo (+20%) Cloud? Ocean? CO2 x 2 CO2 x 2 TS = 15°C TS = 15°C DTS ~ 1.2K DTS ~ 2.5K

The climate system

The Development of Climate models, Past, Present and Future Mid 1950s Late 1960s Early 1980s Mid 1990s Present day Late 2000s? Atmosphere Atmosphere Atmosphere Atmosphere Atmosphere Atmosphere Land surface Land surface Land surface Land surface Land surface Ocean & sea-ice Ocean & sea-ice Ocean & sea-ice Ocean & sea-ice Sulphate aerosol Sulphate aerosol Sulphate aerosol Non-sulphate aerosol Non-sulphate aerosol Carbon cycle Carbon cycle Atmospheric chemistry Sulphur cycle model Non-sulphate aerosols Off-line model development Strengthening colours denote improvements in models Ocean & sea-ice model Land carbon cycle model Carbon cycle model Ocean carbon cycle model Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric chemistry Modified based on John Houghton

Coupled atmosphere / ocean climate model Radiation Atmosphere: Density Motion Water Heat Exchange of: Momentum Water Ocean: Density (inc. Salinity) Motion Sea Ice Land

THE HADLEY CENTRE THIRD COUPLED MODEL - HadCM3 30km 19 levels in atmosphere 2.5 lat 3.75 long THE HADLEY CENTRE THIRD COUPLED MODEL - HadCM3 1.25 1.25 20 levels in ocean -5km

Physical Feedbacks Water vapour Ice albedo Clouds Oceans Ice sheets

Cloud Radiation Feedback

Cloud radiation feedback

Global average change in T /C

Model Estimates of Cloud Radiative Forcing with CO2 Doubling Cloud forcing = cloudy – cloud-free NET = SW + LW

Effect of cloud feedback formulation on climate prediction Feedback scheme Global Av Temp change,C for doubled CO2 RH 5.3 CW 2.8 CWRP 1.9 after Senior & Mitchell, Hadley Centre

Net cloud forcing: January to July Hadley Centre

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.