Unit 5 Natural Resources – Chapter 13 Water Resources – Chapter 14 Food & Agriculture Water Resources – Chapter 14 Uses Availability Mineral Resources – Chapter 15 Mining Ore deposits

Food Resources

Key Concepts Methods of food production Increasing food production Farming techniques Pesticide & herbicide usage Irrigation Livestock Production Increasing food production Biotechnology Environmental effects Soil degradation Water deficits & droughts Loss of cropland

Sustainability Less pesticides Low-input farming techniques

Human Dietary Requirements Ave. healthy male – 2500 cal/day; Ave. healthy female – 2000 cal/day Proper nutrition – balanced intake of protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water Protein: produces 4 cal energy/g; 30% Carbohydrate: 4 cal energy/g; 60% Fats: 9 cal energy/g; 10%

Food Production Facts 15 plant & 8 animal species 2/3 world live primarily on grains 20% world’s riches countries consume 80% of world’s meat 90% grain grown in US is animal feed 16 lbs grain = 1 lb of edible meat 11 million children die from starvation/yr 850 million are malnourished

Chronic undernourishment + vitamin and/or mineral deficiencies equals: Stunted growth Weakness Increase susceptibility to illness

Malnutrition vs. Undernutrition Improper or insufficient diet May result in starvation, disease, diminished mental abilities and/or infection Undernutrition Not getting enough to eat Overnutrition Eating too much Not necessarily balanced

Diseases Resulting from Malnutrition Scurvy – lack of vitamin C Pellagra – niacin deficiency (lack of protein) Beriberi – thiamin (b1 deficiency); consuming processed rice Goiter – lack of iodine Rickets – lack of vitamin D; lack of dairy Kwashiorkor – lack of adequate protein

Golden Rice World’s poor lack money and land Africa & So. East Asia – vitamin A deficiency 1999 Potrykus & Beyer Golden rice Genetically engineered (transgenic) Contains beta-carotene 2 genes common daffodils & 1 soil bacterium to conventional rice

Pros Dk green leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes & mangos too expensive to grow or buy Vitamin A capsules too costly Cheap way of getting yellow beta-carotene into the diet of the poor Eating 200-300 grams/day should provide enough vitamin A to prevent blindness

Cons Drawing funding & attention away from quicker and cheaper programs Can poor afford golden rice Not enough scientific information on how much beta-carotene is actually converted into vitamin A in the body

World Problems & Challenges Increasing population Poverty Providing & distributing enough food Food security People have access to enough food at all times Doing so in an environmentally sustainable way Does not deplete or degrade soil & water resources that are needed to produce the food