China 1. Nationalism was a powerful influence in China at the end of World War I. 2. In 1912 the Qing Dynasty was overthrown and the REPUBLIC OF CHINA was established. Its goal was to bring an end to foreign control in Chinese affairs. 3. End of WW1 brought with it uncertainty. Chinese people angry and looked to Russia and their Communist Revolution for answers. 4. In 1921, young Chinese men and Mao Zedong formed the first Chinese Communist Party. 5. After the death of Sun Yatsen a man named Chiang Kai Shek took control of Kuomintang government (Nationalist). 6. The Nationalists turned on the Communist and successfully killed many. However Mao escaped with his life. 7. Chiang Kai Shek formed a new government called the Nationalist Republic of China. 8. Mao and the communists moved to the country side.

China & Rise of Mao 1. To escape the Nationalist government Mao led his followers into the mountains, they walked nearly 6,000 miles this is called the LONG MARCH. 2. Both groups called a truce during WWII, however civil war continued between 1946-1949. 3. Then in 1949 Mao and the communist party defeated the Nationalists and established a new government called People’s Republic of China.

GREAT LEAP FORWARD 1. In 1958 Mao tried to reorganize all of China under communist lines by establishing the GREAT LEAP FORWARD. 2. An economic policy that called for the collective ownership of farms and factories. Private ownership was eliminated and production quotas were set for agriculture and industry. 3. Reorganized farms and factories into large collectives, where all ownership and decision making would be in the hands of government. 4. During this time China experienced droughts, flooding, and many other external factors which led to famine. 5. By 1960 this economic policy was abandoned.

Cultural Revolution 1. After the failure of his economic policy some Chinese pushed for private ownership of business. Mao began to see his dream of a classless society slipping away. 2. So he announced the CULTURAL REVOLUTION in 1966. He encouraged all students to leave school and make war on anything that looked like it was promoting class differences. 3. Many students were organized into the RED GUARD. Their job was to rid China of anyone who was preventing China from becoming a nation of farmers and workers. 4. Leaders, business managers, college professors were targeted. 5. The Revolution lasted for 10 years in 1976 and the Red Guard was disbanded.

Mao’s death in 1976 Mao died in 1976 and by 1980 Deng Xiaoping was named the new leader of China. Moderate on ideas, open up China to some foreign markets and allowed some private ownership. In 1989, as Communism came under attack throughout the world. Some Chinese students held a huge demonstration at Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. 10,000 students gathered there and Xiaoping ordered the military to break it up. Xiaoping remained in power until his death in 1997.