The three-dimensional structure of convective storms

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Presentation transcript:

The three-dimensional structure of convective storms Thorwald Stein (t.h.m.stein@reading.ac.uk) Robin Hogan John Nicol Robert Plant Peter Clark Kirsty Hanley Carol Halliwell Humphrey Lean (UK Met Office)

The DYMECS approach: beyond case studies Track storms in real time and automatically scan Chilbolton radar Derive properties of hundreds of storms on ~40 days: Vertical velocity 3D structure Rain & hail Ice water content TKE & dissipation rate NIMROD radar network rainfall Evaluate these properties in model varying: Resolution Microphysics scheme Sub-grid turbulence parametrization

Storm structure from radar 40 dBZ 0 dBZ 20 dBZ Radar reflectivity (dBZ) Distance north (km) Distance east (km)

Median storm diameter with height Observations UKV 1500m 200m Drizzle from nowhere? “Shallow” Lack of anvils? “Deep”

Vertical profiles of reflectivity Conditioned on average reflectivity at 200-1000m below 0oC. Reflectivity distributions for profiles with this mean Z 40-45 dBZ are shown. 1.5-km 1.5-km + graupel Model: High rainfall rate from shallow storms. Or ice cloud dBZ<0 200-m 500-m Observations

Missing anvils? A selection of individual profiles shows 6 3 z T=0oC R Define anvil as cloud above 6km with diameter larger than storm diameter at 3km. More than 40% of storms above 6km have anvil (model and observations). Observations UKV 1500m 200m A selection of individual profiles shows anvil factors will be small (close to 1)

Missing anvils? 6 3 z T=0oC R Dmax Define anvil as cloud above 6km with diameter larger than storm diameter at 3km. PDF of anvil factor Dmax/D3km

Updraft retrieval Hogan et al. (2008) Chapman & Browning (1998) Track features in radial velocity from scan to scan Chapman & Browning (1998) In quasi-2D features (e.g. squall lines) can assume continuity to estimate vertical velocity