The Design of a DLS for the Management of Very Large Collections of Archival Objects

Outline Pursue Interoperability: Digital Libraries Archives and Archival Descriptive Metadata The Conceived Distributed DLS Architecture Extension to Compound Digital Objects Conclusions and Future Directions

Outline Pursue Interoperability: Digital Libraries Archives and Archival Descriptive Metadata The Conceived Distributed DLS Architecture Extension to Compound Digital Objects Conclusions and Future Directions

Pursue Interoperability: Digital Libraries Archives Libraries DLS have been becoming the fundamental tool for pursuing interoperability between different cultural organizations. The interoperability issue: collect a resources shared by a wide number of different systems, without compromising their autonomy and independence. Interoperability issue is emphasize by the necessity to design a unique access point to several resources widely different in nature. Archives: interoperability between the archives themselves, between archival resources and between archival and other types of resources. Interoperability issue is emphasize by the necessity to design a unique access point to several resources widely different in nature Museums

Pursue Interoperability: OAI-PMH OAI-PMH is a flexible and lightweight protocol for metadata harvesting. It is becoming the de-facto standard for metadata exchange in distributed environments. OAI-PMH permits metadata harvesting between different repositories in a straightforward fashion. OAI-PMH is based on two main components: Data and Service Provider.

Pursue Interoperability: OAI-PMH and DC Dublin Core, a tiny and lightweight metadata format is getting the preponderant mean to exchange information in a wide distributed environment. DC has been chosen as the minimum common denominator in the OAI-PMH environment. Libraries have been using for the couple OAI-PMH and DC since a relatively long time with good results. Relevant European initiatives which both enjoy the benefits of OAI-PMH are: The European Library portal, TELplus and DRIVER.

Outline Pursue Interoperability: Digital Libraries Archives and Archival Descriptive Metadata The Conceived Distributed DLS Architecture Extension to Compound Digital Objects Conclusions and Future Directions

Archives Context Hierarchy Relationships in order to preserve their informative content and provide understandable and useful information over time. The context of a document and its relationships are very useful to maintain the provenance information (respect des fonds). archival description proceeds from general to specific as a consequence of the provenance principle and has to show, for every unit of description, its relationships and links with other units and to the general fonds. Archival descriptions assume a tree structure Relationships

Archival Descriptive Metadata Archival descriptive metadata are the foremost digital resources shared by the archives. We must retain context and hierarchy information. Variable granularity access to archival descriptions is an important requirement in order to share them in a distributed environment. Archival Descriptive Metadata is Encoded Archival Description. EAD retains context and hierarchy but it discards variable granularity. Each archive exposes a large number of metadata that have to be collected and managed preserving their whole informative power and thus a large amount of additional information.

Archival Description Metadata We proposed the couple DC and OAI-PMH as the means to enable the sharing of archival descriptive metadata and to map the EAD files in shareable metadata format.

Outline Pursue Interoperability: Digital Libraries Archives and Archival Descriptive Metadata The Conceived Distributed DLS Architecture Extension to Compound Digital Objects Conclusions and Future Directions

The conceived DLS architecture The goal of the DLS is to put archival resources together and must take into account the size and the structure of participating archives: also small and medium archives preserve unique and valuable pieces. DLS architectures in archival context must take into account two aspects: The maintenance of archives autonomy; The necessity of a coordination view to give an integrated vision of the archives participating the system. A DLS has to consider a large number of different archives distributed in a territory facing heterogeneity and interoperability issues.

DLS Architecture Archive organization expressed through sets and metadata is recreated in the Service Provider enabling the implementation of advanced services on fully expressive archival metadata. DLS-DEI: Data Exchange Infrastructure based on OAI-PMH. In order to retain context and hierarchy information Service Provider must harvest not only DC metadata but also the whole set organization of Data Providers.

DLS Architecture By the means of application logic we can develop advanced services both on harvested metadata and on the metadata of the archives. Data logic preserves and manages the physical data of the system. DLS-MM Management Level: composed by an application logic and a data logic. DLS-UI Presentation Level: presents two interfaces; the first is a general-purpose interface and the second is dedicated to specialized users.

Outline Pursue Interoperability: Digital Libraries Archives and Archival Descriptive Metadata The Conceived Distributed DLS Architecture Extension to Compound Digital Objects Conclusions and Future Directions

Compound Digital Objects The proposed distributed architecture deals with the heterogeneity issue. Many archives start to keep not only descriptive metadata but also digital objects; a very large DL is required for managing a wide number of heterogeneous archives and for governing high space demanding digital objects. CDOs are digital objects that include information about context, provenance and relationships between the resources. CDOs are aggregation of different information combine together in order to shape a logical unique object. Considering system interoperability, the use of CDOs is challenging.

Compound Digital Objects DLS-CDO is built upon the DLS-MM layer and exploits it to manage, share and expose CDOs. Data logic appertains to the archives side, whereas application logic is developed on the side of DL. DLS-MM links the metadata with the digital objects building CDOs that will be managed by the CDO application CDOs are managed, shared and retrieved through metadata which are the foremost entities that enable interoperability. The archive side contains databases with the digital archival objects in a distributed way that maintains archive independence and the distribution of the preservation effort. This approach based on metadata enables access to CDOs.

Outline Pursue Interoperability: Digital Libraries Archives and Archival Descriptive Metadata The Conceived Distributed DLS Architecture Extension to Compound Digital Objects Conclusions and Future Directions

Conclusions and Future Directions We presented a DLS architecture ables to share, collect an manage archival metadata in a distributed environment. Lightweight and scalable solution. We proposed an extension enabling the management of CDOs. Future work will involve new considerations about CDOs evaluating also the outcomes of international initiatives that are working on this field. In particular OAI-ORE (Open Archives Initiative – Object Reuse and Exchange) which is studying the CDOs and designing an effective way to expose them in the Web.