The Foundations of Islam
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists. Allah? They believe in the same god as Jews and Christians, which they call Allah. The Quran (Koran)? Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Quran, is the word of God.
Abraham’s Genealogy HAGAR ABRAHAM SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob Esau 12 Tribes of Israel
The Prophetic Tradition Muhammad – Final prophet of Islam Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad – Final prophet of Islam
ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah
The Qur'an: God's Last Revelation
The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) in the Cave of Hira in 610. 622 Hijrah Muhammad flees Mecca and goes to Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.) Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death (he was illiterate)
The Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God. 114 suras (chapters). In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.
Muslim: Name for a person who practices Islam Means- One who submits to the will of Allah
The Five Pillars of Islam
And Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. The testimony. The declaration of faith: There is no god but God, And Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. 1
The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day:. dawn. noon The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * mid-afternoon * sunset * before going to bed Wash before praying Face Mecca and use a prayer rug 2
The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret. Pray in the mosque on Friday. 2
Almsgiving (charitable donations). Muslims believe that all things belong to God. Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” About 2.5% of your income. 3
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Considered a method of self- purification. No eating, drinking (or sexual relations) from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4
The Hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca. Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. 5
Kaaba Black cube-shaped building
5. The Hajj Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name. 5
The Hajj – modern
The Mosque The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Other Islamic Religious Practices Up to four wives allowed at once. No alcohol or pork. No gambling. Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
The Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice. No priesthood. Teaches equality. Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes. Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).
The Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr Umar Uthman – was killed Ali – married to Fatima (Muhammad’s daughter) Was killed Husayn – grandson of Muhammad Was killed – Battle of the Camel
Start of Umayyad Caliphate Mu’awiya – related to Uthman Yazid – son of Mu’awiya ordered the death of Husayn Death of Husayn – caused split – Sunni and Shi’ite Sunni – keep picking caliph call caliphs - Imams Shi’ite – follow Husayn’s family
Umayyad Caliphate Umayya family Yazid begins it. Capital is Damascus Sunni Calaphate
Umayyad Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate Abbasid family One of Muhammad’s uncles Revolted against the Umayyad Caliphate Capital is Baghdad Shi’ite Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate
Celebration of death of Husayn
Celebration of death of Husayn
Celebration of death of Husayn
Turkic Muslims Seljuk family Established control of what will be modern Turkey Took the title Sultan (Arabic word) as leader When they expand into Iran – they begin to call their leader also by the name – Shahan-shah