Unit 4- Europe Rise of the Renaissance Preview: Look at these 2 images—one is Medieval, the other is Renaissance. Name 3 major differences between the 2 artworks

Image #1 Image #2 Preview: Look at these 2 images—one is Medieval, the other is Renaissance. Name 3 major differences between the 2 artworks

What is the Renaissance? During the Renaissance (1300 to 1600), Western Europe emerged from the Middle Ages: Renaissance means “rebirth” Revival in Greek & Roman ideas, learning, & trade New ideas in art, government, & human potential The Renaissance marked the beginning of the “modern era”

Middle Ages to the Renaissance: What Changed? Trade & Cities? Government? Religion? Human Potential? Art & Architecture?

What Changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? Trade & Cities

Trade & Cities in the Middle Ages?

What Caused the Change? The Crusades

What were things like in the Renaissance?

Trade & Cities Increased trade for luxury goods led to cities: Status was based on wealth & ability, not birthright A new middle class of bankers, merchants, & skilled craftsmen gained lots of power Wealthy citizens showed their new status by buying art & building cathedrals for their city

What were things like in the Renaissance?

What were things like in the Renaissance?

Trade & Cities Italian merchants remained close to Byzantine & Muslim merchants so trade quickly reemerged in Italy Florence was the most important city; the Renaissance began there Had a strong textile industry Had lots of banks to give loans The Medici family (banking) used their wealth to make Florence Italy’s most artistic city

What Changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? Government

Government in the Middle Ages?

Nationalism People looked at the King as a national leader fighting for the glory of the nation-state English people were proud when England defeated France in battle; French people were proud when France defeated England in battle England France

What were things like in the Renaissance?

Government Kings were able to tax merchants & began using money to form armies to protect citizens The 100 Years War led to: The cannon & longbow which made feudal lords less powerful Nationalism increased as people became loyal to the king & nation, rather than their lord

What Changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? Religion

Religion in the Middle Ages?

The Great Schism & The Crusades What Caused the Change? The Great Schism & The Crusades

What were things like in the Renaissance?

Religion Many people lost respect for the Pope after the: Great Schism in 1054: disagreements between Italian & French Catholics led to 2 popes Losses during the Crusades Despite having less respect, the Catholic Church was still an important part of peoples’ lives & the pope remained important

What Changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? Human Potential

Human Potential in the Middle Ages?

What Caused the Change? The Black Death

What were things like in the Renaissance?

Human Potential Individuals became the center of attention during the Renaissance People began to think that each person can accomplish anything Humanists—studied the “classical” ideas of Greece & Rome; believed education could make the world a better place People began to think that man can do anything

Petrarch: “Father of Humanism” Petrarch was a scholar and poet who was responsible for the recovery of manuscripts and works of Greek and Roman writers. He traveled throughout Europe recovering manuscripts of Cicero and other Roman authors that had been lost in monastery libraries. Petrarch, like other writers of the time, wrote in Latin. Francesco Petrarch

Insert scanned table

Human Potential What was expected of men & women in the Renaissance? The “ideal man” was well educated, smart, can dance, write poetry, & play music; (called a “Renaissance Man”) The ideal woman should have the same qualities but should not seek fame or political power Renaissance women were far better educated but had fewer rights than medieval women

Niccolo Machiavelli IT philosopher, diplomat, poet, musician, playwright.. Best known for The Prince – realist politics Rulers should behave like a lion (aggressive and powerful) and at other times like a fox (cunning and practical) “The Ends Justify the Means” “It was better to be feared than to be loved” All this done to keep peace and stabilize power 1st to publicly suggest immoral behavior for govt stability

Dante Alighieri “Father of the Italian Language” Wrote The Divine Comedy. The Divine Comedy is considered one of the greatest works of Italian and world literature. Dante was first to write in the vernacular, the language used in everyday life. Until his time, all European literature was written in Latin. Dante Alighieri

What Changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance What Changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? Art & Architecture

Art in the Middle Ages?

What Caused the Change? Increased Wealth & Classical Ideas

What were things like in the Renaissance? Classical Ideas Religion Perspective The Individual Realism

Art & Architecture Italians spent money on art to show their new wealth Renaissance artists & architects were inspired by the Greeks & Romans but used new styles to make innovative new designs: Showed realism & expressions Used perspective & shading Emphasized individual people