BIOLOGY Unit 1 Notes: Enzyme Details & Cellular Reactions

(1) Enzymes Type of protein. Have a very specific structure (like a key + lock) to fit with their substrate (the molecule they are binding to). Used in cells to catalyze chemical reactions: Make reactions go faster. Lower the activation energy requirement, allowing the reaction to happen with less energy payment.

(2) Enzyme Denaturing The substrate must bind exact at a special structure on the enzyme called the Active Site. Denaturing  Occurs when enzymes are exposed to extreme heat / chemicals. Causes enzyme to unravel. Why Is Denaturing a Problem? Unravel = Change in structure Change in structure = Messed up Active Site Messed up Active Site = No Catalyzing the Reaction

(3) Cell Energy Cells need to do a lot of work to maintain homeostasis. Work requires energy!! ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate Energy storing molecule for cells! Draw A Picture:

ATP = Adenosine + 3 Phosphates ADP = Adenosine + 2 Phosphates

Add a Phosphate + Store Energy In Bonds Remove a Phosphate + Release Energy From Bonds

(4) Cellular Reactions Cells use chemical reactions to: Break molecules into smaller pieces. Make larger molecules. Store and Release Energy 2 Common Reactions Hydrolysis Deyhydration Synthesis

(5) Hydrolysis Hydro = Add Water Lysis = To Explode / Break Apart What Happens? Add water to a larger polymer. Break it apart into smaller monomers. Release energy. Draw A Picture:

Polymer Release Energy Energy Add Water Monomers

(6) Dehydration Synthesis Dehydrate = Remove Water Synthesis = To Put Together What Happens? Remove water from smaller monomers. Put together (bond) smaller monomer units. Store energy. Draw A Picture:

Monomers Store Energy Remove Water Energy Polymer