Hard Drive Technologies

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Presentation transcript:

Hard Drive Technologies Chapter 9

How Hard Drives Work Platter-based Hard Drives Data Encoding Platters Magnetic coating Read/write heads Float above the surface Actuator arms Servo motor Data Encoding Flux reversals Run length limited (RLL) Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (PRML) Moving the Arms Stepper motor or voice coil motor Geometry Heads Cylinders Sectors per track Write precompensation cylinder Wider data spacing Landing zone Spindle speed Solid-State Drives Pages 316, 317

Parallel ATA Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) ATA-1 PIO and DMA modes Master and slave drives

Parallel ATA ATA-2 Sector translation Higher capacity with LBA 1024 cylinders, 16 heads, 63 sectors/track Higher capacity with LBA 1024 cylinders, 256 heads, 63 sectors/track ATAPI – Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface More drives = 2 controllers Increased speed PIO modes 3, 4; Multi-word DMA modes 0, 1, 2

Parallel ATA ATA-3 S.M.A.R.T.

Parallel ATA ATA-4 Ultra DMA modes 0, 1, 2

Parallel ATA ATA-5 Faster Ultra DMA modes 3, 4 80 wire cable Master on end, slave in middle

Parallel ATA ATA-6 48-bit LBA Ultra DMA mode 5

Serial ATA ATA-7 NVMe – Non-Volatile Memory Express eSATA Serial ATA AHCI – Advanced Host Controller Interface Hot swapping Native command queueing NVMe – Non-Volatile Memory Express Supports communications between the OS and an SSD directly eSATA External devices

Protecting Data with RAID RAID – Redundant Array of Independent (Inexpensive) Disks RAID 0 – Disk Striping RAID 1 – Disk Mirroring/Duplexing RAID 2 – Disk Striping with Multiple Parity Drives RAID 3, 4 – Disk Striping with Dedicated Parity RAID 5 – Disk Striping with Distributed Parity RAID 6 – Disk Striping with Extra Parity Need 5 drives Implementing RAID Originally SCSI Serial ATA possibly to take over Hardware versus Software Personal RAID The Future of RAID