Cell Organelles

2 Types of Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

Why Do We Study Cells? Cells  Tissues  Organs  Bodies Our bodies are made up of cells! Cells are the basic unit of life.

Cells Have 3 Main Jobs Make energy Make proteins Clean up waste Important for the cell to function Make proteins Proteins do all the work in the cell Clean up waste Waste is produced while making energy

Organelles There are different structures (organelles) that carry out the three main jobs. Organelles are like the cell’s organs

Organelles Organelle = “little organ” Everything in the cell is an organelle except for the cytoplasm

Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance Maintains the structure of the cell Contains organelles and other life-supporting materials

Cell Membrane Boundary of the cell Controls movements in and out of the cell

Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains genetic material called DNA Usually the easiest to see under the microscope Usually one per cell

Job #1: Make Energy

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use

Job #2: Make Proteins

Ribosome Small particles that make proteins Found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) “Highway” of the cell Connected to the membrane around the nucleus Proteins pass through the ER to Golgi body

Golgi Body (Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex) Looks like a stack of plates Stores, modifies and packages proteins Proteins are transported to and from the Golgi body by vesicles

Vesicles Vesicles function like a mail system Carry proteins, nutrients, and water in and out of and around the cell

Job #3: Eliminate Waste

Vacuoles Storage container for food, water and waste Larger in plant cells

Lysosomes Garbage disposal of the cell Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Cell Wall Found in plant cells and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier Located outside the cell membrane

Chloroplasts Found only in plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Site of food production during photosynthesis

Vacuoles Bigger in plant cells than in animal cells

Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle controls the movement of particles in and out of the cell? Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts Which organelle is responsible for producing energy? Mitochondria You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.