Commercial Human Space Systems Overview Aerospace Engineering © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Commercial Human Space Overview Spaceflight: Orbital and Suborbital History of Commercial Human Spaceflight

Spaceflight: Orbital and Suborbital Presentation Name Spaceflight: Orbital and Suborbital Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Spaceflight is above 62 miles of altitude Orbital spaceflight achieves altitude and speed to remain in orbit Suborbital spaceflight does not maintain orbit Typically short-duration flight Take off and land at same location Cannot reach ISS ISS is the ancroynm for International Space Station.

Human Spaceflight Introduction First manned spaceflight in early 1960s Space travel was only done through government organizations for first 40 years Since year 2000 government budget changes and technological innovations provided an environment for private industry to enter space Trend is that this is a legitimate industry Major goal is to reduce cost for access to space while improving safety and reliability

Human Spaceflight Timeline 1961 1969 1982 1996 2004 2017 1961 to 1999 Human space by governments only 1961 - First manned spaceflight 1969 - Man walks on moon 1982 - First space shuttle flight 1996 to 2004 Successful commercial spaceflight 1996 - Ansari XPRIZE launched 6/2004 - First commercial manned spaceflight 10/2004 - Mojave Aerospace Ventures wins Ansari XPRIZE. 2004 onward Start of commercial spaceflights 2005 - Engineering development of SS2 starts 7/2008 - First mothership for Virgin Galactic delivered

First Commercial Human Spaceflight Call to action was initiated by Dr. Peter Diamondis through the formation of the XPRIZE Foundation in 1996 Ansari XPRIZE sparked development with $10M prize 26 teams competed Mojave Aerospace Ventures including Scaled Composites in Mojave, CA flew successful flight test on June 21, 2004 Official record set and Ansari XPRIZE awarded on October 4, 2004

First Commercial Human Spaceflight SpaceShip One was first spacecraft to successfully achieve suborbital manned spaceflight as a private company without government funding or support

First Commercial Human Spaceflight Mothership named White Knight lifted spacecraft to 50,000 feet which is above 80% of the atmosphere

First Commercial Human Spaceflight Major Contributors Dr. Peter Diamondis: XPRIZE Foundation Scaled Composites, LLC Burt Rutan: President and chief Engineer at Scaled Composites Sir Richard Branson: Founder of Virgin Group in UK, became first entrepreneur to take this new technology to a commercial application with launch of Virgin Galactic

Human Spaceflight Innovation Initial development was for glider flight test, with concurrent control and propulsion system certification SpaceShip 1 configuration that won the Ansari XPRIZE designed to carry 3 passengers Next version, SpaceShip 2, designed to carry six passengers Continuing to refine systems to improve safety and allow longer sub-orbital flights

Virgin Galactic Technology developed for Ansari XPRIZE used to start Virgin Galactic in New Mexico in 2004 Focused on space tourism Continuing to develop the technology before the first commercial flight

Shuttle Replacement Retirement of shuttle program in 2011 created need for new spacecraft to support ISS

Commercial Human Orbital Flight Providers Russians currently selling seats onboard Soyuz Cost per person is multiple millions Several days on ISS

SpaceX SpaceX developing spacecraft and Rockets

SpaceX SpaceX developing reusable rockets for lower operating costs

SpaceX Dragon Spacecraft Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name SpaceX Dragon Spacecraft SpaceX developed Dragon spacecraft to travel to ISS Cargo successfully delivered to ISS in 2012 Human delivery to ISS planned for future More information available at http://www.spacex.com/dragon

Boeing Orion Spacecraft Boeing developing for NASA Spacecraft for astronauts

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Orbital ATK Inc. Cygnus Cargo and human delivery for the International Space Station since 2013 More information available at https://www.orbitalatk.com/space-systems/overview/

Commercial Human Space Summary Next 20 years will bring major changes as commercial organizations work to access space Major goal is to reduce cost for access to space while improving safety and reliability Similar situation to what commercial airline industry faced in 1930s Potential for significant number of jobs in aerospace provided by these companies

Write a 1-page handwritten paper in the future of Commercial Space Travel.

References NASA (2017). What is orion? Retrieved from www.nasa.gov Scaled Composites, LLC (2011). About us. Retrieved from www.scaled.com SpaceX Exploration Technologies, Corp (2017). Company. Retrieved from www.spacex.com SpaceX Exploration Technologies, Corp (2017). Media. Retrieved from www.spacex.com/media Virgin Galactic (2011). Company. Retrieved from www.virgingalactic.com