The Mole.

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Chapter 10: Chemical Quantities

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Presentation transcript:

The Mole

Representative Particles Element (Atoms) atomic mass—mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) Average atomic mass—weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of the element (amu) By definition: 1 atom 12C “weighs” 12 amu On this scale 1H = 1.008 amu 16O = 16.00 amu

Molecular compound/Molecule (Molecule) Molecular mass (or molecular weight)—sum of the atomic masses (in amu) in a molecule. SO2 1S 32.07 amu 2O + 2 x 16.00 amu SO2 64.07 amu

Ionic compound (formula unit) Formula mass—sum of the atomic masses (in amu) in a formula unit of an ionic compound NaCl 1Na 22.99 amu 1Cl + 35.45 amu NaCl 58.44 amu

Mole SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance Used to measure large amounts of very small things Discovered by Avogadro and named after him NA= 6.022×1023 particles= 1 mol of substance Pair = 2 Dozen = 12

Dimensional Analysis Examples Given 4.25 mol of sodium chloride, determine the number of formula units?

Calculate the number of molecules in 12.6 mol of sulfur dioxide.

Mass of 1 mol of particles in grams Molar Mass Mass of 1 mol of particles in grams

atomic mass (amu) = molar mass (grams) For any element atomic mass (amu) = molar mass (grams) 1 atom of Li = 6.94 amu 1 mole Li atoms = 6.94 g of Li For any ionic compound formula mass (amu) = molar mass (grams) 1 formula unit NaCl = 58.44 amu 1 mole NaCl f.u.’s = 58.44 g NaCl For any molecule molecular mass (amu) = molar mass (grams) 1 molecule SO2 = 64.07 amu 1 mole SO2 molecules= 64.07 g SO2

Examples Calculate the molar mass: C8H11NO2 Magnesium phosphate

Dimensional Analysis with Mass M = molar mass in g/mol NA = Avogadro’s number

Calculate the mass in grams of 0.0450 moles of chromium. Examples Calculate the mass in grams of 0.0450 moles of chromium.

What is the mass of 4.35 moles of sulfuric acid?

Calculate the number of moles of 321 g of lead(II) chloride.

How many formula units are in 124 g of mercury(II) chloride?

Take out question 6 a & b

How many oxygen atoms are in 37.5 grams of sulfur trioxide? *bonus How many oxygen atoms are in 37.5 grams of sulfur trioxide?

Molar Volume The conditions 0 0C and 1 atm are called standard temperature and pressure (STP). Experiments show that at STP, 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 L

Examples Sulfur dioxide is a gas produced by bruning coal. It is an air pollutant and one of the causes of acid rain. Determine the volume, in liters, of 0.60 mol of sulfur dioxide gas at STP.

*bonus The density of a gaseous compound containing carbon and oxygen is found to be 1.964 g/L at STP. What is the molar mass of the compound?

A block of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) can be purchased in 4 A block of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) can be purchased in 4.54 kg (10 lbs) blocks. How many liters of carbon dioxide gas will be released into the atmosphere when it sublimates ?