What is goodwill? Goodwill is an intangible asset representing non-physical items that add to a company’s value but cannot be easily identified or valued. Goodwill is usually associated with a business acquisition.

Intermediate Accounting - Chapter 12 Intangible Assets (Goodwill) 9/14/2018 Valuation Purchased – recorded as an asset at cost Internally-created most costs are expensed – valuation is too subjective to capitalize legal costs to obtain the intangible may be capitalized

Amortization Limited life intangibles limited through legal or contractual provisions, obsolescence, competition amortized Indefinite life not amortized the “40-year “ rule has been dropped!

Types of Intangible Assets 1) Marketing-related intangibles: eg. Trademark capitalize design and registration fees indefinite life 2) Customer-related intangibles: eg. Customer list capitalize acquisition costs 3) Artistic-related intangibles: eg. Copyright capitalize costs to acquire and defend amortize over useful life

4) Contract-related intangibles: eg. Franchise initial cost amortized if life is limited annual payments are not capitalized 5) Technology-related intangibles: eg. Patent R&D related to the development of a product or process is not capitalized patent costs are amortized over legal or useful life 6) Goodwill

Intermediate Accounting - Chapter 12 9/14/2018 Goodwill Recognizing goodwill when an entire business is purchased excess of cost over fair value of identifiable assets Write-off of goodwill indefinite life: do not amortize record decrease in value if goodwill becomes impaired Negative goodwill fair value of assets is greater than cost recorded as an extraordinary gain

IMPAIRMENT OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS Limited-Life Intangibles Rules for long-lived assets apply (Chapter 11) 1. Recoverability test for impairment future net cash flows (undiscounted) < carrying value 2. If impaired, calculate the amount of the loss. carrying value - fair value of the asset 3. Entry: Loss on Impairment 150,000 Patents 150,000

Indefinite-Life Intangibles Other than Goodwill Test for impairment at least annually 1. Fair value test for impairment fair value of the asset < carrying value 2. If impaired, record the difference as a loss. (as with limited-life intangibles)

Goodwill Test for impairment is a two-step process 1. Fair value test on the reporting unit fair value of the unit < carrying value Carrying Fair Value Value Cash & Receiv. $ 1,050 PP&E 8,700 Goodwill 2,100 Less: Notes Payable (950) Value of unit $10,900 $10,000 Perhaps based on expected net cash flows.

2. Fair value test of goodwill fair value of goodwill < carrying value Carrying Fair Value Value Cash & Receiv. $ 1,050 $ 1,050 PP&E 8,700 8,400 Less: Notes Payable (950) (950) Identifiable Assets $ 8,800 $ 8,500 Goodwill 2,100 ? Value of Unit $10,900 $10,000 3. Entry:

R&D AND SIMILAR COSTS R&D R: search for new knowledge D: translate into new or significantly improved product does not include routine alternatives to existing products Accounting for R&D charge to expense when incurred assets may be capitalized & depreciated if they have alternative future uses R&D includes reasonable indirect costs

Start-up costs expensed as incurred assets are capitalized Initial operating losses reported like any other operating losses Advertising costs expensed as incurred or the first time the advertising takes place Computer software costs

PRESENTATION Balance Sheet Intangible assets (Note C) $3,840 Goodwill (Note D) 2,575 Grouped into two categories Contra accounts not shown. Notes Detail on types of intangible assets. Estimated amortization for next 5 years. Changes in value of goodwill.

Income Statement Included in continuing operations: R&D expenses (disclosed separately) Amortization expense Intangible impairment losses Goodwill impairment losses (unless the operating unit is discontinued.)